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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Lung interstitium—Albumin diffusion—Hyaluronidase—Rabbit.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Albumin diffusion measured in an isolated segment of rabbit lung interstitium with a radioactive tracer (125I-albumin) technique was independent of albumin concentration and similar to the free diffusion of albumin in water (Qiu et al, 1998. J Appl Physiol 85: 575–583). We studied the effect of hyaluronidase on the diffusion of albumin. Isolated rabbit lungs were inflated with silicon rubber by way of airways and blood vessels, and two chambers were bonded to the sides of a ∼0.5-cm thick slab enclosing a vessel with an interstitial cuff. One chamber was filled with 2 g/dl albumin solution containing 125I-albumin and 0.02 g/dl hyaluronidase. Unbound 125I was removed from the tracer by dialysis before use. The other chamber filled with Ringer's solution was placed within a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Diffusion of tracer was measured continuously for 120 h. Albumin diffusion coefficient (D) and interstitial area (A) were obtained by fitting the tracer-time curve with the theoretical solution of the equation describing one-dimension diffusion of a solute across a membrane. D averaged 5.2 × 10−7 cm2/s for albumin diffusion with hyaluronidase, 20% less than that measured previously without hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidase had no effect on A. Results indicated an interaction between albumin and interstitial hyaluronan that was the opposite of the steric effect on albumin excluded volume measured in solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Apple ; Scab resistance ; Introgression ; Vf gene ; DNA markers ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A chromosomal region originating from Malus floribunda 821 confers Vf scab resistance to many isolates of Venturia inaequalis. Twelve DNA markers located in this region were used to scan the equivalent of 31 cM in 98 Malus accessions. This allowed a molecular diagnosis of a source of resistance in apple germplasm with the aid of pedigree information, and in the context of a limited marker survey representing other chromosomes. At least five marker alleles were present in all scab-resistant breeding selections or varieties arising from M. floribunda. The validity of findings based on RAPD markers was confirmed with SCAR assays and Southern-hybridisation experiments. The order of markers determined in previous mapping studies was confirmed and sets of recombinants identified that establish reliable fine-mapping orders within 0.7 cM of the resistance locus. None of the marker alleles were present in the accessions that are either susceptible or possess weak polygenic resistance to scab. The presence of some alleles corresponding to those present at least 5.3 cM from Vf in M. floribunda was detected in some accessions. Other major sources of scab resistance do not appear to possess alleles in common with the Vf region, which will simplify future allelism tests. The results are discussed in the context of the introgression of resistance loci together with marker-assisted selection. The use of breeding pedigrees to assist in fine-scale mapping and map-based cloning is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mathematica hungarica 83 (1999), S. 315-325 
    ISSN: 1588-2632
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the notion of a dual base of countable order for bitopological spaces is introduced, and an analogue of a metrization theorem of A. Arhangel'skii is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Population research and policy review 18 (1999), S. 545-561 
    ISSN: 1573-7829
    Keywords: Contraceptive use ; Family planning programs ; Morocco ; Quality ; Supply environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract This study illustrates the use of panel data and a fixed-effects estimator to investigate the impact of family planning program inputs on contraceptive utilization in Morocco during the 1992–1995 period. By controlling the potential bias resulting from common unobserved determinants of program resource allocation decisions and program outcomes, the methodology helps overcome an important constraint to the use of non-experimental study designs in undertaking meaningful impact assessments. Data from a panel of women interviewed in both the 1992 and 1995 Morocco Demographic and Health Surveys were used in the study, along with ‘program’ data from Service Availability Modules undertaken in conjunction with each survey round. The results indicate that changes in the family planning supply environment, in particular increased presence of nurses trained in family planning and the level of infrastructure at public clinics, played a significant role in the increased use of modern contraceptives during the study period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 7 (1999), S. 440-453 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words general hydrogeology ; groundwater management ; groundwater quality ; groundwater recharge/water budget ; New Zealand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les plaines d'Heretaunga, dans la baie d'Hawke (Nouvelle-Zélande), sont occupées par des dépôts quaternaires fluviaux, estuariens lagunaires et marins remplissant un synclinal subsident. Dans cette séquence de dépôts, des graviers de chenaux fluviatiles forment l'un des plus importants systèmes aquifères de Nouvelle-Zélande. Un système aquifère interconnecté libre et captif contient de l'eau souterraine dont la recharge est assurée à partir du lit de la rivière Ngaruroro sur la marge intérieure de la plaine, à 20 km de la côte. Sur la côte, les aquifères des graviers existent à 250 m de profondeur. En 1994–95, 66 hm3 d'eau souterraine d'excellente qualité ont été extraits pour l'eau potable de villes et de villages, pour l'agriculture, pour l'industrie et pour l'horticulture. L'utilisation de l'eau souterraine, en particulier pour l'irrigation, s'est accrue au cours des 5 dernières années. La prise de conscience du développement durable de la ressource en eau souterraine a conduit à un programme de recherche (1991–96). Cet article présente les résultats de ce programme et recommande les contrôles spécifiques et les travaux de recherche pour affiner le bilan d'eau souterraine, et pour définir et maintenir un rendement durable du système aquifère. Trois facteurs de gestion critique ont été identifiés. Ce sont (1) l'assurance de maintenir une recharge de la nappe conséquente et sans entrave à partir de la rivière Ngaruroro, (2) le suivi spécifique des niveaux de la nappe et de la qualité aux marges du système aquifère, où la transmissivité est inférieure à 5000 m2/j et où les niveaux de la nappe en été indiquent que les prélèvements sont supérieurs à la recharge; et (3) le ré-examen des programmes de qualité de l'eau souterraine pour s'assurer que les zones où la vulnérabilité aux contaminations est identifiée comme étant la plus élevée sont couvertes par une surveillance régulière.
    Notes: Abstract  The Heretaunga Plains, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, is underlain by Quaternary fluvial, estuarine-lagoonal, and marine deposits infilling a subsiding syncline. Within the depositional sequence, river-channel gravels form one of the most important aquifer systems in New Zealand. An interconnected unconfined–confined aquifer system contains groundwater recharged from the Ngaruroro River bed at the inland margin of the plain, 20 km from the coast. At the coast, gravel aquifers extend to a depth of 250 m. In 1994–95, 66 Mm3 of high quality groundwater was abstracted for city and rural water supply, agriculture, industry, and horticulture. Use of groundwater, particularly for irrigation, has increased in the last 5 years. Concern as to the sustainability of the groundwater resource led to a research programme (1991–96). This paper presents the results and recommends specific monitoring and research work to refine the groundwater balance, and define and maintain the sustainable yield of the aquifer system. Three critical management factors are identified. These are (1) to ensure maintenance of consistent, unimpeded groundwater recharge from the Ngaruroro River; (2) to specifically monitor groundwater levels and quality at the margins of the aquifer system, where transmissivity is 〈5000 m2/d and summer groundwater levels indicate that abstraction exceeds recharge; (3) to review groundwater-quality programs to ensure that areas where contamination vulnerability is identified as being highest are covered by regular monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 21 (1999), S. 323-329 
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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