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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Globin Fragment, LVV-Hemorphin-7, Induces [3H]Thymidine Incorporation in a Neuronal Cell Line via the AT4 Receptor (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 73 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The AT4 receptor was characterized initially as a specific binding site for angiotensin IV, a C-terminal fragment of the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II. Recently, we found that LVV-hemorphin-7, a fragment of β globin, is an abundant peptide in the brain and binds to the AT4 receptor with high affinity and specificity. In the neuroblastoma/glioma hybrid cell line, NG108-15, LVV-hemorphin-7 and angiotensin IV competed for 125I-angiotensin IV binding in a biphasic fashion with IC50 values of 1.2 × 10-10 and 1.1 × 10-9M for the high-affinity site, respectively, and 6.7 × 10-8 and 1.5 × 10-8M for the low-affinity site, respectively. Both peptides were internalized rapidly by the cells. However, LVV-hemorphin-7, but not angiotensin IV, elicited a 1.8-fold increase in DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, co-incubation of the cells with an excess of angiotensin IV (10-6M) inhibited LVV-hemorphin-7-stimulated DNA synthesis. Therefore, whereas LVV-hemorphin-7 and angiotensin IV were capable of binding to the AT4 receptor, only LVV-hemorphin-7 elicited [3H]thymidine incorporation in NG108-15 cells. In contrast, angiotensin IV behaved as an antagonist. The current finding suggests that LVV-hemorphin-7 is a functional peptide in the central nervous system and in view of its abundance in neural tissue, compared with angiotensin IV, may be of significant physiological importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730301.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Politics of the 1999 European Elections (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Government and opposition 34 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-7053
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1999.tb00164.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Techniques of Exposure and Stabilization in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 14 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent advances in techniques of coronary artery exposure and myocardial stabilization in off-pump myocardial revascularization have provided cardiac surgeons with a wide variety of new devices and techniques. Until recently, the main obstacle to performing complete myocardial revascularization without using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been the technical difficulties of exposing and stabilizing coronary targets, especially those located on the lateral and inferior wall of the heart. The extraordinary cardiac tolerance to nonconstrictive anterior elevation and lateral displacement, however, has allowed the development of new strategies of coronary exposure. These advances, in combination with the development of new techniques of mechanical myocardial stabilization, have impacted on the feasibility and safety with which coronary anastomoses on the beating heart can be constructed. The aim of this article is to describe the technical aspects involved in off-pump coronary revascularization, focusing primarily on the most recent strategies of cardiac elevation and coronary exposure, the various techniques of myocardial stabilization, and some of the technical details of constructing distal anastomoses on the beating heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1999.tb01017.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can winners be losers? The case of the Deming prize for quality and performance among large Japanese manufacturing firms (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 14 (1999), S. 28-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Much literature suggests a positive relationship between winning a quality award and subsequent firm performance. However, for the vast majority of the large Japanese manufacturing firms that have won the Deming Prize results in this study indicate a negative association. Results also show that for a minority of these firms there does appear to be a positive relationship between winning and subsequent performance. Two theories, the danger of simplicity and the winner's curse, are utilized to explain these results. Firms that compete for quality awards have a significant risk of putting undue pressure on organizational resources or focusing too narrowly on winning and neglecting other aspects of their business, thereby leading to performance shortfalls. Significant experience in TQM/TQC prior to competing for a quality award may moderate these risks. For managers, there should be serious consideration as to whether their companies should compete for a quality award in the hope of improving performance. Instead, they may want to ask if there are any alternative methods for designing and implementing improvements in quality control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02686909910245531
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of cocaethylene and cocaine and of cocaethylene and alcohol on schedule-controlled responding in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 145 (1999), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cocaethylene ; Cocaine ; Alcohol ; Interaction ; Schedule-controlled responding ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: Cocaethylene is a unique metabolite of cocaine, produced only in the presence of alcohol. This metabolite is pharmacologically, physiologically and behaviorally active. Further, it has been reported to interact pharmacokinetically with both cocaine and alcohol, an interaction that may mediate, in part, the interaction of cocaine and alcohol. Although cocaethylene has been shown to interact with both cocaine and alcohol, behavioral assessments of these interactions are limited. Objectives: To examine directly the behavioral interactions between cocaethylene and cocaine and between cocaethylene and alcohol, the present study assessed the effects produced by these combinations on schedule-controlled responding. Methods: Rats were first administered cumulative doses of cocaethylene, cocaine and alcohol to assess their effects alone on responding. Following this, doses of cocaethylene were combined with cumulative doses of cocaine or alcohol. Additionally, doses of cocaine or alcohol were given in combination with cumulative doses of cocaethylene. Results: When administered alone, cocaethylene, cocaine and alcohol produced dose-related decreases in responding. Further, cocaethylene shifted the dose–response functions for both cocaine and alcohol to the left and down, while cocaine and alcohol shifted the dose–response function for cocaethylene to the left and down. An isobolographic analysis revealed that these interactions were additive in nature. Conclusions: The present study suggests behavioral interactions between cocaethylene and cocaine and between cocaethylene and alcohol. The contribution of cocaethylene to the enhanced effects produced by the co-administration of cocaine and alcohol was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051044
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature Effects on Soil Mineralization of Polylactic Acid Plastic in Laboratory Respirometers (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polylactic acid ; temperature ; respirometers ; soil degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A respirometric system was used to analyze the biodegradation of high molecular weight (120,000 to 200,000 g mol−1) polylactic acid (PLA) plastic films in soil under laboratory conditions. The respirometric system consisted of air-conditioning pretraps, a soil reactor, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) posttrap. A 200-g homogeneous soil mixture of all-purpose potting soil : manure soil : sand [1 : 1 : 1 (w/w)] and 1.5 g of PLA plastic films in 1 × 1-cm2 squares was added to each bottle. The respirometers were placed in a 28, 40, or 55°C water bath for 182 days. Treatments (three replicates) included native corn starch (positive control), polyethylene (Glad Cling Wrap; negative control), and three PLA films: Ca-I (Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, monolayer), GII (Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, Generation II), and Ch-I (Chronopol; monolayer). The degree of polymer mineralization was indicated by the cumulative CO2 liberated from each respirometer. The initial average mineralization rate and total percentage mineralized of the PLA plastic films at 28, 40, and 55°C was 24.3, 41.5, and 76.9 mg/day with a 27, 45, and 70% carbon loss, respectively. No decrease in soil pH was observed after 182 days of mineralization. Hence, increase in soil temperature drastically enhanced the biodegradation of PLA plastic films in soil under laboratory conditions (P 〈 0.0001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021812418325
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HIV Infection and Pathogenesis: What About Chemokines? (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 19 (1999), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: HIV ; HIV infection ; HIV pathogenesis ; chemokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several chemotactic cytokines, or chemokines, inhibit HIV replication by blocking or down regulating chemokine receptors that serve as entry cofactors for the virus. Although the role of chemokine receptors in HIV pathogenesis has been the subject of intense interest, chemokines are comparatively less seriously considered as potential correlates of protection from HIV infection and disease progression. However, a critical analysis of newly available data reveals substantial evidence to support a beneficial role for chemokines in HIV infection and disease. In this review we summarize the results of such studies and their promising implications for HIV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020539524373
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute Phase Responses and Cytokine Secretion in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 19 (1999), S. 414-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Chronic fatigue syndrome ; acute phase responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study addresses the hypothesis that clinical manifestations of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are due in part to abnormal production of or sensitivity to cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 under basal conditions or in response to a particular physical stress: 15 min of exercise consisting of stepping up and down on a platform adjusted to the height of the patella. The study involved 10 CFS patients and 11 age-, sex-, and activity-matched controls: of these, 6 patients and 4 controls were tested in both the follicular and the luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and the remainder were tested in only one phase, for a total of 31 experimental sessions. Prior to exercise, plasma concentrations of the acute phase reactant α2-macroglobulin were 29% higher in CFS patients (P 〈 0.008) compared to controls. Secretion of IL-6 was generally higher for CFS patients (~38%), however, this difference was statistically significant only if all values over a 3-day period were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA (P = 0.035). IL-6 secretion correlated with plasma α2-macroglobulin in control subjects at rest (R = 0.767, P = 0.001). Immediately after exercise, the CFS patients reported greater ratings of perceived exertion (P=0.027) compared to the healthy control subjects. Ratings of perceived exertion correlated with IL-1β secretion by cells from healthy control subjects (R = 0.603, P = 0.022), but not from CFS patients, and IL-1β secretion was not different between groups. Exercise induced a slight (〈12%) but significant (P = 0.006) increase in IL-6 secretion, but the responses of the CFS patients were not different than controls. Furthermore, no significant exercise-induced changes in body temperature or plasma α2-macroglobulin were observed. These data indicate that under basal conditions, CFS is associated with increased IL-6 secretion which is manifested by chronically elevated plasma α2-macroglobulin concentrations. These modest differences suggest that cytokine dysregulation is not a singular or dominant factor in the pathogenesis of CFS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020558917955
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Electron-Beam Irradiation and Ultraviolet Light (365 nm) on Polylactic Acid Plastic Films (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polylactic acid ; irradiation ; ultraviolet light ; degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Strips of Ca-I [polylactic acid (PLA) monolayer plastic films from Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, Minnetonka, MN] cut in the machine and nonmachine directions were irradiated with an electron beam using a CIRCLE III Linear Accelerator (MeV Industries S.A., Jouy-en-Josas, Cedex, France). The effects of 33-kGy irradiation on the physical properties of the Ca-I strips were studied. In addition, the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light (365-nm) illumination on the degradation of three PLA plastic films, Ch-I (PLA monolayer plastic films from Chronopol, Golden, CO), GII (PLA trilayer plastic films from Cargill Dow Polymers LLC), MN), and Ca-I (PLA monolayer plastic films from Cargill Dow Polymers LLC) were analyzed by a modified ASTM D5208-91 method. Results showed that irradiation had decreased the weight-average molecular weight (M w), stress at break, percentage of elongation, and strain energy of Ca-I by 35.5, 26.7, 32.3, and 44.8%, respectively (P 〈 0.01). The shelf life of the irradiated Ca-I strips at 5°C and 〈20 ± 5% RH was about 6 months. The degradation rate of Ch-I, GII, and Ca-I with no UV light treatment at 55°C and 10% RH was 2512, 5618, and 3785 M w/week, respectively. Under the UV light illumination (365 nm), the degradation rate of Ch-I, GII, and Ca-I, was 2982, 8722, and 7467 M w/week, respectively. Hence, the degradation rate of GII and Ca-I was increased 55 and 97% by UV light (P 〈 0.008), respectively. This trend was not observed in Ch-I because its starting M w (78,000 g/mol) was close to the tensile strength lost range (50,000 to 75,000 g/mol) of PLA films. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that UV light does further enhance the degradation of PLA films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021860301487
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field Exposure Study of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Plastic Films in the Banana Fields of Costa Rica (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polylactic acid ; Costa Rica ; banana industry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract For use by the banana industry of Costa Rica, polylactic acid (PLA) plastic ropes and banana finger shrouds must remain operational for 14 to 16 weeks, and they also must be able to break down in the soil after serving their purposes. The banana field at La Rebusca Farm (Costa Rica) and the experiment station at University of Costa Rica were selected for a field exposure study of Cargill EcoPla Generation II (GII) and Cargill EcoPla monolayer (Ca-I) PLA films. The average monthly temperature, relative humidity, and cumulative rainfall of the La Rebusca Farm and the University of Costa Rica site were 26 and 22°C, 92 and 84%, and 352 and 177 in., respectively. The PLA plastic films at the La Rebusca Farm lost their mechanical properties earlier than at the University of Costa Rica site because of the higher temperature and relative humidity of the banana farm. The Ca-I film meets the 14-week operational time frame and it is recommended for further studies as ropes and banana shrouds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022849813748
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