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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum markers for Down's syndrome in women who have had in vitro fertilisation: implications for antenatal screening (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 106 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To examine the Down's syndrome screening positive rate among in vitro fertilisation (IVF) pregnancies, we measured second trimester serum marker levels in singleton IVF pregnancies (cases) and in five non–IVF pregnancies (controls) matched to each case for gestational age, age of mother, and duration of storage of the serum sample. There were 151 IVF pregnancies in which alpha fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol (uE3), free β–human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and total hCG were measured, 104 IVF pregnancies in which free α-hCG was measured, and 39 IVF pregnancies in which inhibin A was measured. Median uE3 levels were 6% lower (P= 0.003), median free β–hCG 9% higher (P= 0.024), and median total hCG 14% higher (P= 0.026) in IVF pregnancies compared with controls. The screen positive rate in the IVF pregnancies (28%) was about twice as high as that in controls (17%). High hCG levels may be explained by progesterone remaining high in IVF pregnancies. The low uE3 levels remain unexplained. In Down's syndrome screening in IVF pregnancies hCG and uE3 values should be adjusted to avoid the high screen positive rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08186.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of SCR, EEG, and ERP activity in an oddball paradigm with short interstimulus intervals (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 36 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Studies of concurrent central, and autonomic activity using a conventional event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigms, are considered useful in elucidating the relationship between central and autonomic responses, but the autonomic response tends to overlap. A new method was used to decompose and score overlapping skin conductance responses (SCR). This method enabled examination of dynamic relationships of phasic SCR, prestimulus electroencephalogram (EEG), and ERP to auditory target stimuli in 50 normal adults. SCR amplitude was negatively correlated to EEG and N200 amplitude. The SCR amplitude changes over time exhibited an exponential decline opposite to those of N200, alpha, and beta. All the fitted exponential functions had a time constant of 1–2 min. The findings suggest that a N200 component, active in the auditory sensory discrimination, is concomitant with the SCR. The narrow range of the time constant may provide a clue to the conjoint processes underlying central and autonomic adaptive functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3650543
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GRAPE JUICE AS AN EXTENDER AND SWEETENER FOR BLUEBERRY DRINKS (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Blueberry juice has a strong flavor and low sugar content, but does not make an affordable, palatable drink unless mixed with water or another juice. This study investigated characteristics of blueberry juice blended with Concord, Reliance, Sunbelt, and Venus grape juices, and Thompson Seedless concentrate (TSC), The blends were evaluated by a trained sensory panel for the attributes of blueberry flavor, color, and aroma, and for astringency, body, and sweetness. Intensity of blueberry-related sensory attributes increased with increased concentration of blueberry juice for all two-way juice beverage blends. Blends sweetened with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as opposed to TSC were perceived as significantly different in triangle testing. In three-way blends of blueberry, Concord, and water, replacing HFCS with TSC as a sweetener, and increasing the percentage of blueberry and Concord juice increased intensity ratings for blueberry aroma, and the effects were additive. For the attributes of body, color, flavor, and sweetness, changing sweeteners had no effect, but increasing the percentage of blueberry and Concord grape juice increased the intensity ratings for these characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1999.tb00557.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS: An Emerging Public Health Problem with Possible Links to Human Stress on the Environment (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 24 (1999), S. 367-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1056-3466
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Of the thousands of species of microalgae that form the base of the marine food chain, only a small number are toxic or harmful. However, when these toxic species proliferate, they can cause massive kills of fish and shellfish, mortality among marine mammals and seabirds, substantive alterations of marine habitats, and human illness and death. Currently, six distinct human clinical syndromes associated with harmful algal blooms are recognized: ciguatera fish poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning, and Pfiesteria-associated syndrome. Human illnesses are caused by toxins produced by these microorganisms, acquired either by passage through the food chain or direct skin or respiratory contact. Syndromes frequently include debilitating neurologic manifestations and, in some instances, may progress to death. There is a perception among investigators that the number of harmful algal blooms is increasing, as is the range of toxic species. It has been postulated that this increase is caused by human-related phenomena such as disruption of ecosystems, nutrient enrichment of waterways, and climatic change. In environmental studies, attention has traditionally focused on direct human health effects of pollutants. Harmful algal blooms are an example of an alternative paradigm, in which human-induced stress on complex ecologic systems leads to the emergence of new, potentially harmful microorganisms (or the reemergence of "old" pathogens from previously restricted environmental niches), which, in turn, cause human disease. Although data are lacking to fully substantiate this latter model, it provides a useful conceptual framework to assess data needs and consider public health interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.367
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of reward circuitry in human opiate addicts (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The neurobiological mechanisms of opiate addictive behaviour in humans are unknown. A proposed model of addiction implicates ascending brainstem neuromodulatory systems, particularly dopamine. Using functional neuroimaging, we assessed the neural response to heroin and heroin-related cues in established opiate addicts. We show that the effect of both heroin and heroin-related visual cues are maximally expressed in the sites of origin of ascending midbrain neuromodulatory systems. These context-specific midbrain activations predict responses to salient visual cues in cortical and subcortical regions implicated in reward-related behaviour. These findings implicate common neurobiological processes underlying drug and drug-cue-related effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00522.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endotoxin in blood and tissue in the sudden infant death syndrome (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 25 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Although the explanation for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains unknown, an increasing body of evidence now exists to suggest a possible role for bacterial toxins in the aetiology, and a number of investigators have considered that endotoxaemia could explain some of the associated features. Following the development of an animal model which confirmed that endotoxaemia could be detected after death, we studied endotoxin levels in blood and tissue samples taken at autopsy from SIDS infants, child controls and adult controls. There were significant correlations between endotoxin levels in blood and the various organs sampled particularly in SIDS cases and child controls, and blood endotoxin levels in SIDS cases were higher in those infants where there was histological evidence of mild to moderate inflammation. However, overall no significant differences were found between endotoxin levels in blood or tissue in the three study groups. Further studies into possible actions or interactions of endotoxin in SIDS are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01336.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyloid fibril formation is progressive and correlates with beta-cell secretion in transgenic mouse isolated islets (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1219-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) ; amylin ; amyloid ; fibrils ; islets ; transgenic mice ; glucose ; beta-cell secretagogues.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Amyloid fibrils are formed in islets isolated from transgenic mice expressing the gene for human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) by an unknown mechanism. This model of islet amyloidosis in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has been used to investigate the temporal and glucose dependency of fibril formation. Methods. To determine the time course and nature of amyloid-like accumulations and the role of glucose, transgenic mouse islets were cultured for 2–12 days in medium containing glucose (4.2 mmol/l, 11.1 mmol/l or 16.7 mmol/l) or 3.3 mmol/l glucose plus non-glucose secretagogues, 10 mmol/l leucine, 10 mmol/l leucine + 0.1 mmol/l tolbutamide, 10 mmol/l alpha-ketoisocaproic acid + 10 mmol/l glutamine. The extent of fibril formation was determined by quantitative immuno-electron microscopy. Insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide secretion into the media was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results. Extracellular amyloid fibrils immunoreactive for islet amyloid polypeptide were visible initially after 6 days of culture in 11.1 mmol/l glucose and formed 2.3 ± 0.8 % of the islet area after 12 days; small accumulations of intracellular fibrils and amorphous extracellular islet amyloid polypeptide-immunoreactive material were present at 6–12 days. Beta-cell secretion was increased significantly by 16.7 mmol/l glucose and by alpha-ketoisocaproic acid + glutamine. The proportion of fibrillar amyloid (amyloid area/islet area%) correlated with the amount of insulin (r = 0.55, p 〈 0.05) and IAPP (r = 0.5, p 〈 0.05) in the culture media. Evidence of cellular damage was present in less than 10 % cells and correlated with the degree of fibril deposition (r = 0.8, p 〈 0.0001). Conclusion/interpretation. These data suggest that islet amyloid polypeptide amyloid is formed primarily at extracellular sites in isolated transgenic mouse islets and progressive fibril formation correlates with beta-cell secretion. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1219–1227]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051295
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perceived Risks of Joint Infection Following Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections: A Survey of Rheumatologists (1999)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 18 (1999), S. 264-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Key words:Corticosteroids – Infection – Injection – Intra-articular – Risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: There are no clear published data on the risks of bacterial arthritis following intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Forty rheumatologists were given a detailed questionnaire; 32 (response 80%) completed questionnaires were analysed. On the basis of recalled cases of post-injection joint infection we estimate this risk to be low, at 4.6/100 000 injections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100670050098
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