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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter TIVA ; Propofol/Remifentanil ; Balancierte Anästhesie ; Sevofluran/Fentanyl ; Laparoskopie ; Gynäkologie ; Key words TIVA ; Propofol/Remifentanil ; Balanced anaesthesia ; Sevoflurane/Fentanyl ; Laparoskopy ; Gynaecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: This study was designed to investigate the differences between TIVA with propofol/remifentanil (P/R) and balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane/fentanyl (S/F) in gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Emphasis was put on haemodynamic reaction, recovery profile, postoperative side effects and patient satisfaction. Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol/remifentanil or anaesthesia with sevoflurane/fentanyl. After premedication (midazolam) and induction of anesthesia (propofol, atracurium) in both groups, either 1 µg/kg fentanyl (S/F) or 1 µg/kg remifentanil (P/R) was injected. Anaesthesia was maintained with 0.5 µg/kg/min remifentanil (reduced to 50% after 5 min) and 0.06 µg/kg/min propofol (P/R) or 1.7 vol % sevoflurane (S/F). Both groups were mechanically ventilated with 30% oxygen in air. The administration of sevoflurane and the infusion of the anaesthetics were adjusted to maintain a surgical depth of anaesthesia. For postoperative analgesia 1 g paracetamol was administered rectally prior to surgery. After recovery 20 mg/kg metamizol was given intravenously. At the end of surgery the anaesthetics were discontinued and haemodynamics, early emergence from anaesthesia, pain level, frequency of analgesic demand, incidence of PONV, shivering and patient satisfaction were assessed. Parameters were recorded for 24 h postoperatively. Results: Recovery time after propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia was significantly shorter than after administration of sevoflurane and fentanyl (spontaneous ventilation 4.1 vs. 6.3 min, extubation 4.3 vs. 9.3 min, eye opening 4.4 vs 8.2 min, stating name 5.3 vs. 13.2 min, stating date of birth 5.4 vs. 13.3 min). There were no significant differences between the groups in shivering, pain score, analgesic demand and PONV. The S/F group responded to tracheal intubation with significantly higher blood pressure than the P/R group. During maintenance of anaesthesia heart rate in patients with S/F was significantly higher (P/R: HR max +16/–10; S/F: HR max +24/–0.). Measured on a scale from very satisfied to very dissatisfied, 73% of the patients in the P/R group were ”very satisfied” (S/F 23%) and 23% were ”satisfied” (S/F 62%). Conclusion: Compared with patients given balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane and fentanyl, TIVA with propofol and remifentanil proved to be particularly suited for gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Its major advantages are haemodynamic stability, significantly shorter times of emergence, and the exceptional acceptance by the patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Unterscheidet sich eine TIVA mit Remifentanil/Propofol (P/R) von einer balancierten Anästhesie mit Sevofluran/Fentanyl (S/F) hinsichtlich der Hämodynamik, des Aufwachverhaltens, postoperativer Nebenwirkungen und der Patientenzufriedenheit? Methodik: 60 Patientinnen wurden randomisiert einer Anästhesie mit (P/R) oder (S/F) zugeteilt. Nach oraler Prämedikation mit Midazolam wurde die Narkose mit Propofol eingeleitet, die Relaxierung erfolgte mit Atracurium. Gemäß randomisierter Gruppenzuteilung wurde 1 µg/kg Fentanyl oder 1 µg/kg Remifentanil i.v. injiziert und die Narkose bis zum OP-Ende entweder mit 0,5 µg/kg/h Remifentanil (Reduktion auf 50% nach 5 min) und mit 0,06 mg/kg/min Propofol oder mit 1,7 Vol.-% Sevofluran aufrechterhalten. Beide Gruppen wurden mit 30% O2 in Luft beatmet. Die Dosierung von Sevofluran, Propofol und Remifentanil wurden bei Bedarf der jeweiligen Intensität chirurgischer Stimuli angepaßt. Zur postoperativen Analgesie erhielten alle Patientinnen zu OP-Beginn 1 g Paracetamol rektal, nach Erwachen Metamizol 20 mg/kg i.v.. Bei OP-Ende wurde die Anästhetikazufuhr unterbrochen und folgende Parameter erfaßt: mittlerer arterieller Blutdruck, Herzfrequenz, Aufwachverhalten, Schmerzintensität, Analgetikabedarf, PONV, Muskelzittern und die Patientenzufriedenheit mit dem Anästhesieverfahren. Der Beobachtungszeitraum betrug 24 h. Ergebnisse: Die Patientinnen waren nach einer P/R Narkose signifikant eher wach und orientiert als nach einer Anästhesie mit S/F (Spontanatmung 4,1 vs. 6,3 min, Extubation 4,3 vs. 9,3 min, Augenöffnen 4,4 vs. 8,2 min, Namen nennen 5,3 vs. 13,2 min, Geburtsdatum 5,4 vs. 13,3 min). Die Inzidenz von PONV (43% vs. 43%) und Muskelzittern (56% vs. 37%) sowie die Schmerzintensität und die Anzahl der Schmerzmittelanforderungen (67 vs. 52) waren in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar. Der MAP war in der S/F-Gruppe nach der Intubation signifikant höher, die HF im gesamten Verlauf signifikant höher als in der P/R Gruppe (P/R: HF max. +16/–10; S/F: HF max. +24/–0). Auf einer Skala von „sehr zufrieden–sehr unzufrieden” waren 73% (P/R) der Patientinnen mit dem Anästhesieverfahren „sehr zufrieden” (S/F 23%), 23% „zufrieden” (S/F 62%). Schlußfolgerung: Verglichen mit einer balancierten Anästhesie mit Sevofluran und Fentanyl erwies sich die TIVA mit Remifentanil und Propofol als besonders vorteilhaft für laparoskopische Operationen in der Gynäkologie. Wesentliche Vorteile waren signifikant schnellere Aufwachzeiten, die hämodynamische Stabilität und die große Akzeptanz des Anästhesieverfahrens durch die Patientinnen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsSaccharomyces cerevisiae ; Vesicular transport ; Golgi function ; Ypt/Rab GTPases ; Ypt suppressor mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ras-related, guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of the Ypt/Rab family play a key role at defined steps in vesicular transport, both in yeast and in mammalian cells. In yeast, Ypt1p has an essential function late in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi transport, and the redundant Ypt31/Ypt32 GTPases have been proposed to act in transport through and/or from the Golgi. Here we report that mutant alleles of YPT31 and YPT32, whose gene products have a reduced affinity for GTP, are able to suppress the dominant lethal phenotype of YPT1 N121I . Co-expression of YPT1 N121I and the suppressor YPT31 N126I allow essentially undisturbed secretory transport in the absence of the respective wild-type GTPases. Such mutant cells massively overaccumulate 60–100 nm vesicles and are heat sensitive. It appears likely that the mutant GTPases, which are defective in nucleotide binding, compete for the binding of common interacting protein(s). These and other genetic interactions between YPT1, YPT31/32, ARF1 and SEC4 described here strongly support the view that Ypt31p and Ypt32p have a central, Golgi-associated function in anterograde or retrograde transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 147 (1999), S. 626-633 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Varizellen ; Impfstoff gegen Varizellen ; Routineprüfung ; Indikationsimpfung ; Anwendung in Deutschland ; Key words Varicella ; Varicella vaccine ; Routine vaccination ; Vaccination of risk groups use in Germany
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: For more than ten years, a live, attenuated varicella vaccine is available. With the licensure of a temperature stable vaccine preparation in Germany in 1994, a cost reduction from DM 510,– to DM 99.50 was achieved with a general vaccine availability independent of special cooling requirements. In the United States, in Japan and in Southern Korea varicella vaccine is already in use for routine vaccination in the second year of life. In contrast, in Germany the recommendation for VZV-vaccination is restricted to patients at increased risk for varicella complications as well as for regular intimate contacts of such persons. Discussion: In this article a short review of varicella and zoster is given, the characteristics of the VZV-vaccine are described and the options for future use in Germany are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Seit mehr als 10 Jahren ist ein Lebendimpfstoff gegen Varizellen verfügbar. Mit Zulassung eines temperaturstabilen Präparats in Deutschland im Jahr 1994 sind die Kosten für eine Dosis von rund DM 510,– auf DM 99,50 gesunken, eine generelle Verfügbarkeit ist heute gewährleistet. In den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, in Japan und in Südkorea wird dieser Impfstoff routinemäßig und universell im Kleinkindesalter appliziert, in Deutschland dagegen wird er lediglich als Indikationsimpfung für Risikogruppen empfohlen. Diskussion: In diesem Artikel wird kurz die Varicella-Zoster-Virus(VZV)-Infektion beschrieben, danach werden die Charakteristika des VZV-Impfstoffs dargestellt. Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Anwendung des VZV-Impfstoffs und deren jeweilige Folgen in Deutschland werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 341-345 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin in diagnosing pertussis from a single serum sample. The pertussis group was defined according to the World Health Organization pertussis case definition. The control group coughed for 21 days or more but had no microbiological or serological evidence of Bordetella infection. Both cohorts were divided into infants (〈12 months of age), toddlers (1–4 years) and school children (5–10 years). There were 525 subjects in the pertussis group and 321 in the control group, with an even distribution of genders. IgG and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin were measured in a standardized enzyme immunoassay. Antibody levels beyond the 95 percentile of the control cohort were regarded as indicative of recent contact, setting the specificity level at 0.95. Acute serum samples drawn between 1 week and 3 weeks after the onset of coughing showed a low sensitivity (2–19%) for diagnosing pertussis. In convalescent samples taken 5–10 weeks after the onset of symptoms, detection of IgG anti-pertussis toxin was the best single test, with a sensitivity of 61%, 65%, and 74% in infants, toddlers and school children, respectively. A combination of IgG anti-pertussis toxin and IgA anti-filamentous hemagglutinin using age-specific reference values had a sensitivity of 81–89% in diagnosing pertussis from a single serum sample taken 5–10 weeks after the beginning of symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. A311 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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