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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 2000  (4)
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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
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  • 2000-2004  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related decline in inhibitory control contributes to the increased Stroop effect observed in older adults (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Past research has demonstrated an age-related increase in the Stroop effect. Some theorists have suggested that this increase results from a decline in the ability to inhibit word information on incongruent trials, whereas others have suggested that the decline reflects general slowing. These two hypotheses were evaluated using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) measured while younger and older adults performed the Stroop task. As expected, the Stroop effect was greater for older than younger adults. The ERP data revealed a selective age-related attenuation of two modulations reflecting the inhibition of word information on incongruent trials. Latency of the P3 wave did not increase to a greater extend for older than younger adults from the congruent to incongruent trials as expected based on the general slowing hypothesis. Taken together, these findings support the inhibitory deficit hypothesis by demonstrating an age-related decline in a conceptual level inhibitory process that supports the suppression of word information in the Stroop task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3720179
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does exercise aid smoking cessation? A systematic review (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims: To assess the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions in smoking cessation. Design: A systematic review was conducted of articles published between 1980 and 1999. The review focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which the specific effects of exercise on smoking abstinence were examined. The primary dependent variable was smoking abstinence. Other studies which had both exercise programming as an independent variable and smoking behaviour as a dependent variable are briefly discussed. Participants: The review included interventions targeting both healthy individuals and those with specific medical conditions. Settings: The interventions were delivered in both community and inpatient settings. Measurements: Information extracted from each article included details of the participants, exercise and smoking cessation programmes, control conditions, exercise adherence rates, length of follow-up and outcomes. Findings: Of the eight trials satisfying our inclusion criteria, only two trials found a positive effect for exercise on smoking abstinence. The others showed no effect. Conclusions: There is some evidence for exercise aiding smoking cessation. Of the two trials finding a positive effect one was rigorously designed, the other was found to have numerous methodological limitations. Trials showing no effect lacked sensitivity. This was principally because of small sample sizes and inadequate measurement and control of exercise adherence. There is a need for more rigorously designed studies in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9521996.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A checklist for writing up research reports (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.951217594.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addressing regulatory barriers to licensing nicotine products for smoking reduction (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This paper examines the current regulatory obstacles to extending the permitted use of NRT, and to include smoking reduction ways of addressing these. There are major differences between different countries in regulations concerning NRT. These differences appear to be due to different attitudes to cigarette smoking as an issue and different preconceptions about nicotine as an addictive and potentially toxic drug. The paper considers how existing WHO and American Psychiatric Association definitions of mental disorders may be used in submitting proposals for use of NRT as an aid to smoking reduction and how concerns over safety and abuse and dependence liability can be addressed. It also examines what new evidence may be needed. Coordinating the efforts of the pharmaceutical industry, clinicians and researchers will probably be important in moving regulatory authorities further in the direction of accepting NRT for widespread use in smoking reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.1s1.4.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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