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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wavelength switching by positively detuned side-mode injection in semiconductor lasers (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3170-3172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The experimental observation of a side-mode resonance regime in intermodal injection of a Fabry–Pérot semiconductor laser is reported. It is shown that wavelength switching can be easily affected by the use of positively detuned side-mode injection. Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing is observed in both positive and negative detuning regimes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126619
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunopurification of H+-ATPase-containing lipid-protein particles from the cytosol of carnation petals (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 109 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lipid-protein particles originating from the plasma membrane were immunopurified from the cytosol of carnation petal cells (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Improved White Sim) using antibodies raised against the central hydrophilic domain of the H+-ATPase. The immunopurified particles are enriched in lipid metabolites, in particular free fatty acids and steryl/wax esters, by comparison with corresponding microsomal membranes, and the lipids of the particles are more saturated than those of microsomal membranes. Proteolytic catabolites of the H+-ATPase, a protein associated with the plasma membrane, but not the native H+-ATPase protein, are also present in the immunopurified cytosolic particles. Osmiophilic particles were discernible in the cytosol of carnation petal cells by transmission electron microscopy, and the association of H+-ATPase catabolites with a subpopulation of these particles was confirmed by immunogold labelling with H+-ATPase antiserum. Cross-reaction of the H+-ATPase antiserum with elements of the cytosol was also evident by immunofluorescent light microscopy. These observations collectively indicate that lipid-protein particles of plasma membrane origin are present in the cytosol of carnation petal cells and that their formation may serve as a means of removing lipid and protein metabolites from the plasma membrane which would otherwise destabilize its structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.100312.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes of microbial biomass carbon related to climatic factors in soils from karst areas of southwest China (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 294-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Seasonal changes ; Microbial biomass carbon ; Climatic factors ; Karst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The seasonal responses of soil microbial biomass C to changes in atmospheric temperature, soil moisture and soluble organic C were studied in soils from the karst areas of southwest China. These soils are relatively weathered, leached and impoverished, and have a low input of plant residues. Over 1 year, an inverse relationship between soil microbial biomass C and atmospheric temperature was found. The highest microbial biomass C occurred in winter and the lowest in summer, and ranged from 231–723 μg g–1 dry soil. Although there was no obvious relationship between microbial biomass C and soil moisture, a negative correlation existed between microbial biomass C and soluble organic C. In the ecosystem studied, the marked changes in soil microbial biomass C at above 20  °C were ascribed to fluctuations of soil moisture, which were controlled by climatic factors and geomorphic conditions. The patterns of soluble organic C turnover were similar to those of soluble carbohydrate C, both of which were controlled by soil drying-rewetting cycles. It was concluded that the lowest amounts of soil microbial biomass C, measured in the summer, resulted in increases in soluble organic C due to higher turnover rates of the former at warmer air temperatures. Thus, there was a marked seasonal change in soil microbial biomass C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil-released carbon dioxide from microbial biomass carbon in the cultivated soils of karst areas of southwest China (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass carbon ; Soil-released carbon dioxide ; Karst areas ; Southwest China ; Ultisols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Soil microbial biomass and the emission of CO2 from the soil surface were measured in yellow soils (Ultisols) of the karst areas of southwest China. The soils are relatively weathered, leached and impoverished, and have a low input of plant residues. The measurements were made for a 1-year period and show a reciprocal relationship between microbial biomass and surface CO2 efflux. The highest (42.6±2.8 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1) and lowest (15.6±0.6 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1) CO2 effluxes are found in the summer and winter, respectively. The cumulative CO2 efflux is 0.24 kg CO2-C m–2 year–1. There is also a marked seasonal variation in the amount of soil microbial biomass carbon, but with the highest (644±71 μg C g–1 soil) and lowest (270±24 μg C g–1 soil) values occurring in the winter and summer, respectively. The cumulative loss of soil microbial biomass carbon in the top 10 cm of the soil was 608 μg C g–1 year–1 soil over 17 sampling times. The mean residence time of microbial biomass is estimated at 105 days, suggesting that the carbon in soil microbial biomass may act as a source of the CO2 released from soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003749900189
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobility of some potentially toxic trace elements in the coal of Guizhou, China (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 372-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Coal Potentially toxic trace elements ; Speciation ; Mobility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The mobility of 10 potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE), As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, and Zn from 32 coals of the Longtan Group formed in Permian Period in Guizhou Province, China was investigated using sequential extraction procedures. The results demonstrate that PTTEs such as Hg, As, Se, Cd, Cu, and Pb have the highest mobility at surface conditions, and the average extractable fractions of them are 86%, 95%, 79%, 76%, 69%, and 69% of the total amount in coal, respectively. The elements in coal with the lowest leachability include Tl, Cr, and Ni, and the average extractable fractions of them are 30%, 20%, and 29% of the total amount in coal respectively. Zinc has an intermediate behavior, and the average leachable fraction of it accounts for 46% of the total amount in coal. The results demonstrate that mobility of PTTE in coal depends on the speciation of these elements. The elements associated with sulfates, carbonates, sulfides and some organic matter in coal show the highest extraction rates during the weathering process, while elements with silicate affinities are inert at surface conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive extraction of succinic acid with tripropylamine (TPA) in various diluents (2000)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 22 (2000), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Succinic acid is of interest as the raw material of polysuccinate which is a biodegradable polymer. The tripropylamine (TPA) was used as the extraction agent for the reactive extraction of succinic acid in various alcohol diluents. Equilibrium and loading data for various active diluents were obtained at various TPA concentrations. At the same TPA concentration the extractabilities of TPA increased as the number of carbon in alcohols decreased. It was explained by decreasing solubility of acid-amine complex due to decreasing polarity with increasing the number of carbon in alcohols. The type of succinic acid-amine-diluent complex was predicted by the value of loading with various concentration of TPA/various alcohols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050733
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of succinic acid with 1-octanol/n-heptane solutions of mixed tertiary amine (2000)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 23 (2000), S. 535-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The reactive extraction of succinic acid was carried out by mixed tertiary amine which consisted of tripropylamine (TPA) and trioctylamine (TOA) as the extraction agent in 1-octanol/n-heptane diluent. Maximum distribution coefficient was obtained at 8:2 weight ratio of TPA/TOA. At this ratio, its extraction efficiency is above 90% at the 3.9 wt.% of succinic acid in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the prevention of the third phase formation made the phase separation between organic phase and aqueous phase easy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004499900193
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threatened Fishes of the World: Oncorhynchus masou formosanus (Jordan & Oshima, 1919) (Salmonidae) (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 57 (2000), S. 314-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007687825352
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic stem cells in fish: current status and perspectives (2000)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 22 (2000), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: chimera ; ES ; gene targeting ; medaka ; pluripotency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Totipotent embryonic stem (ES) cells represent a bridge that links in vitro and in vivo manipulations of animal genomes and have enormous potential for genetic engineering of livestock. We have recently established feeder cell-free conditions for culturing cells of midblastula embryos (MBE) of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) and obtained several stable cell lines that show all features of mouse ES cells in vitro. One of these lines, MES1, has been demonstrated to retain a diploid karyotype and can be induced to differentiate into various cell types in vitro. Upon microinjection into albino host blastulae, MES1 cells are able to form pigmented chimeras. Genotype-specific PCR analysis revealed that 90% of host blastulae transplanted with MES1 cells developed into chimeric fry. This high frequency was not compromised by cryostorage or DNA transfection of the donor cells. Transplantation of genetically labelled MES1 cells revealed a wide contribution to numerous organs derived from all three germ layers and differentiation into various types of functional cells. These ES properties of MES1 line was not abolished by stable gene transfer and long-term selection. Thus MES1 cells may represent a first promising cellular vehicle for the production of genetically modified fish. The genetic background has been found to have a profound effect on the efficacy of ES cell derivation and of chimera formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007871121784
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of polymer matrix composites reinforced with controllably oriented whiskers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 5309-5312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced with controllably oriented potassium titanate whisker (PTW) has been prepared. The preparation includes wet-spinning a polymer solution that contains the whiskers, placing the resultant precursor fiber in a die and hot-pressing to form composite. The whiskers are highly aligned along the axis of the fiber as the result of extrusion and drawing in spinning. Therefore, the whisker orientation in the composite can be closely controlled through controlling the directions of the precursor. The degree of whisker alignment is found to depend strongly on drawing ratio, and a simplified mathematical relation is presented. The mechanical properties of the PTW reinforced PVC are reported. The applications of the composite processing technique described above in functional composites are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004886510414
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