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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Praise of Small Government (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Government and opposition 35 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-7053
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:George W. Liebmann, Solving Problems Without Large Government
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of anisotropy fields in recording media (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5711-5713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work describes an experimental study which reviews the various techniques that can be used for determination of anisotropy fields in recording media. At the present time this topic is of considerable importance due to the need to understand the detailed mechanisms of magnetization reversal and the factors that control the switching field distribution in recording media. We have used a metal-particle-based tape material and have employed various magnetic techniques for the determination of the apparent anisotropy field, HK. The techniques included hysteresis loops measured in a direction transverse to the texture direction of the tapes, single-point detection in the successive derivatives of the magnetization with respect to the field, transverse susceptibility measurement, and the variation of the bulk coercivity with temperature. We find the temperature variation of coercivity produces values of HK far smaller than values determined by other methods due to orientation effects. General agreement is seen for the other techniques mentioned and results for samples with differing degrees of texture show that the apparent anisotropy field of the grains as measured by these techniques is influenced greatly by orientation effects. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372498
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UK FDI and the Comparative Advantage of the UK (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    The @world economy 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00297
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tetragonal phase of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 – a new variant of the perovskite structure (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 426-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the tetragonal phase of the A-site-substituted perovskite sodium bismuth titanate, Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, has been determined by neutron powder diffraction at 698 K. The structure was refined in space group P4bm with a (= b) = 5.5191 (1), c = 3.9085 (1) Å, V = 119.055 (5) Å3, Z = 2 and Dx = 5.91 Mg m−3. The structure exhibits an unusual combination of in-phase (a0a0c+) tilts and antiparallel cation displacements along the polar c axis, which results in a new variant of the perovskite structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768100001166
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modification to the Codman™ Microsensor™ Skull Bolt Kit (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01798-8.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breastfeeding in Early Life and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children: A Longitudinal Study (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 146-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Barker hypothesis – Bone density – Breastfeeding – Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether breastfeeding in early life is associated with bone mass in prepubertal children. We studied 330 8-year-old male and female children from Southern Tasmania representing 47% of those who originally took part in a birth cohort study of risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in 1988. Breastfeeding intention and habit were assessed in both 1988 and 1996. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Children who were breastfed had higher bone mineral density at the femoral neck (+0.20 SD, p= 0.07), lumbar spine (+0.25 SD, p= 0.03) and total body (+0.29 SD, p= 0.006) compared with those who were bottle-fed. This association with breastfeeding was present in children born at term (femoral neck: +0.26 SD, p= 0.05; lumbar spine: +0.34 SD, p= 0.007; total body: +0.41 SD, p= 0.0008) but not those born preterm, and remained significant after adjustment for size, lifestyle factors and socioeconomic factors. Breastfeeding for less than 3 months was not associated with increased bone mass at any site. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a beneficial association between breastfeeding in early life and bone mass in 8-year-old children born at term, particularly those breastfed for 3 months or longer, which appears biological. If this association is confirmed in other populations and persists until the attainment of peak bone mass then the implication would be that osteoporosis prevention programs need to start very early in the life cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00004176
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noradrenaline in the ventral forebrain is critical for opiate withdrawal-induced aversion (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 430-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cessation of drug use in chronic opiate abusers produces a severe withdrawal syndrome that is highly aversive, and avoidance of withdrawal or associated stimuli is a major factor contributing to opiate abuse. Increased noradrenaline in the brain has long been implicated in opiate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35000212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranuclear cascade in the interactions of neutrinos with neon nuclei (2000)
    Springer
    Physics of atomic nuclei 63 (2000), S. 1574-1583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7788
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is developed for separating νN interactions from interactions involving an intranuclear cascade in νNe scattering at a mean neutrino energy of 145 GeV. The fraction of events featuring a cascade is evaluated by using a sample of νNe charged-current interactions. It is found that the multiplicity of charged particles in the forward direction takes the same value for events with and without a cascade for 4〈W 2〈550 GeV2. In the backward direction, cascade events have the charge multiplicity higher than the multiplicity for cascade-free events by 2.36 units. It is found that particles with momenta less than 2 GeV/c make a dominant contribution to the rescattering process. A depletion of the fastest particles for W 2〈50 GeV2 is observed, in accord with the formation-time concept.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1312890
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birth Weight, Birth Length, and Bone Density in Prepubertal Children: Evidence for an Association That May Be Mediated by Genetic Factors (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone density — Childhood — Growth — Genetics — Body size.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. There is an incomplete understanding of the contribution of early growth to bone accrual in childhood. The aims of this longitudinal study were to examine the association between growth variables at birth, 1 month, and 8 years and bone density in prepubertal children. Weight and length at both birth and 1 month of age were measured in 1988 as part of a prospective study for sudden infant death syndrome. A total of 330 children (47%) and 278 of their mothers were then contacted in 1996 for measurement of anthropometrics and bone density. Birth weight, birth length, and length gain (but not weight gain) in the first month all made significant contributions to areal bone density (BMD, g/cm2) at all sites at age 8 even after taking into account subsequent weight and height gain (model R2 14–39% depending on variable and site). Adjustment for potential environmental confounders did not alter these findings, however, adjustment for maternal BMD markedly reduced the early life associations (particularly for birth weight). Though early life factors were weakly associated with bone mineral apparent density (BMAD, g/cm3) in correlation analysis, subsequent height and weight gain were the only significant independent contributors to BMAD. In conclusion, early life anthropometrics make little contribution to BMAD (other than through their correlation with later growth) but make significant independent contributions to BMD suggesting that the growth trajectory of bone is determined very early in life. In addition, the contribution of body size at birth to bone growth in early life appears to be mediated by genetic factors although it is possible that it may be mediated by poorly measured or as yet unidentified determinants of body size at birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001148
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource partitioning in rhinolophoid bats revisited (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 124 (2000), S. 332-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Community structure ; Rhinolophus ; Hipposideros ; Echolocation ; Wing morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We assessed the ecomorphological structure of a guild of rhinolophoid bats in a Malaysian rainforest first described by Heller and von Helversen (1989). These authors found that the distribution of echolocation call frequencies used by 12 syntopic species was more even than expected from allometric relationships or in randomly generated communities, and that the observed minimal ratio was greater than expected by chance alone. In this study we were able to expand their guild to 15 species, but in doing so it became apparent that call frequencies might be less evenly distributed across the total frequency range than previously proposed. We replicated Heller and von Helversen’s (1989) analyses with the full 15-species complement but were unable to support their suggestion that rhinolophoid bats exhibit resource partitioning through differences in frequency bands. We adopted a multivariate approach and incorporated measures of body size and wing morphology into the analysis. We used phylogenetic autocorrelation to ensure that the species were statistically independentand principal component analysis to describe the morphological space occupied by the 15 species in the community and four additional species representing the extremes of phenotypic variation. We derived interspecific Euclidean distances and tested the mean values and SDs of these distances against those of 100 guilds of ”synthetic” species created randomly within the principal component space. The guild of Rhinolophoidea was not distributed randomly in multivariate space. Instead we found evidence of morphological overdispersion of the most similar species, which suggests niche differentiation in response to competition. Less similar species were nearer in morphological space than expected, and we suggest this is a consequence of ecological constraints on parameter combinations. Despite this underdispersion, many of the more distant neighbours were evenly rather than randomly spaced or clumped in morphospace, suggesting that, given the environmental constraints on morphology, species in this guild do experience limits to their similarity. Finally, we tested the influence of the relative abundance of species on morphological displacement, and found no evidence that abundant, spatially correlated species reduce interspecific overlap in morphological space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008866
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