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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schizophrenie ; Typische Antipsychotika ; Atypische Antipsychotika ; Umstellung ; Keywords Schizophrenia ; Conventional antipsychotics ; Atypical antipsychotics ; Conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The introduction of atypical antipsychotics has presented new options for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenic patients. It is assumed that in the near future, neuroleptic medication will shift from conventional to atypical antipsychotics for an increasing number of patients. The present article addresses guidelines for the conversion from conventional to atypical neuroleptics in inpatient and outpatient settings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der Einführung der atypischen Antipsychotika haben sich neue Möglichkeiten in der pharmakotherapeutischen Behandlung schizophrener Patienten ergeben. Es ist anzunehmen, dass in den folgenden Jahren viele weitere Patienten von typischen auf atypische Präparate umgestellt werden. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit stationären und ambulanten Richtlinien zur Umstellung von typischen Neuroleptika auf atypische Antipsychotika. Diskutiert werden Möglichkeiten der Identifizierung geeigneter Kandidaten, Empfehlungen bei der Auswahl des atypischen Antipsychotikums und praktische Vorgehensweisen bei der Umstellung. Ergänzend werden Dosierungsrichtlinien der einzelnen atypischen Antipsychotika, mögliche Entzugssyndrome und andere Komplikationen des Präparatewechsels sowie substanzspezifische Aspekte der Umstellung dargestellt. Ein letztes Kapitel befasst sich mit den notwendigen psychotherapeutischen Interventionen, die im Rahmen einer Umstellung der antipsychotischen Medikation beachtet werden sollten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsYarrowia lipolytica ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ambient pH signalling ; Signal transduction ; Transmembrane protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Yarrowia lipolytica, the transcription factor Rim101p mediates both pH regulation and control of mating and sporulation. Like its homologues PacC of Aspergillus nidulans and Rim101p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, YlRim101p is activated by proteolytic C-terminal processing, which occurs in response to a signal transduced by a pathway involving several PAL gene products. We report here the cloning and sequencing of two of these genes, PAL2 and PAL3. PAL2 encodes a putative 632-residue protein with six possible transmembrane segments, which differs from the transmembrane proteins Rim9p of S. cerevisiae and PalI of A. nidulans, but is homologous to A. nidulans PalH and to the product of the ORF YNL294c, a predicted polypeptide of unknown function in S. cerevisiae. PAL3 encodes an 881-residue polypeptide that is homologous to PalF of A. nidulans and to a newly identified putative polypeptide of S. cerevisiae. Both PAL2 and PAL3 are expressed constitutively, regardless of ambient pH. Mutations in these genes affect growth at alkaline pH and sporulation in both Y. lipolytica and in S. cerevisiae. They affect invasiveness of haploid strains in S. cerevisiae only, and conjugation in Y. lipolytica only. These results highlight the conservation of the Pal pathway initially described in A. nidulans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 75-83 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Sepsis ; Lactate ; Pyruvate ; Ketone bodies ; Carnitine ; Gastric mucosa ; Child
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To describe measurements of global oxygenation parameters, markers of splanchnic hypoperfusion and those of metabolic activity related to cellular energy production among critically ill children with septic shock.¶Design: Clinical study of a series of cases.¶Patients and participants: 11 previously healthy children with septic shock admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.¶Interventions: None.¶Measurements and results: Oxygen consumption, oxygen delivery (DO2), serum bicarbonate, arterial pH, gastric intramucosal pH (pHi), gastroarterial carbon dioxide tension gradient, serum lactate, pyruvate, lactate to pyruvate ratio (L/P), ketone body ratio, and the esterified to free carnitine ratio were measured serially at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after admission to the pediatric ICU. All children survived. One patient failed to show supranormal DO2 ( 〉 570 ml/min per m2). Normalization of serum bicarbonate and lactate were associated with patient recovery. One patient presented an increasingly abnormal L/P ratio with normal lactate levels, suggesting an increased utilization of pyruvate rather than an increased cytosolic redox potential. Although values of gastric pHi 〈 7.30 were observed in 43 % of samples, serial measurements in individuals showed significant variability and unpredictable trends. Free fatty acid concentrations, ketone body production, and carnitine levels remained within the normal range.¶Conclusions: In this study, trends in serum bicarbonate and lactate somewhat characterized the recovery of children with septic shock. Based on our data, it is unclear how other markers may have been used to modify therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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