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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3543-3551 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We report on the design and testing of a new readout scheme for superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) arrays. By grouping the electrodes in rows and columns, this method drastically reduces the number of connections and electronic circuits required for reading out a large format array of pixelated detectors. Using charge sensitive amplifiers with junction field-effect transistors we verify that the energy resolution degrades primarily due to capacitance increase at the amplifier's input node. However, since each detector is readout by two independent circuits, these two outputs can be combined to increase the signal-to-noise level. For a N×N array, we show that the equivalent noise charge at the input worsens by a factor much less than N as compared to single device readout. We also report on a proof-of-principle experiment carried out on a two-by-two array of STJs using optical photon excitation. These measurements show that stable biasing of STJs is possible in this configuration and that the line resolutions are consistent with our theoretical predictions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Blood pH ; Titratable acidity ; Compensatory renal growth ; Immunosuppression ; Nephrectomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The effects of cyclosporin A (CyA, 50 mg/kg body weight) or its commercial vehicle (cremophor) on the acid-base regulation of uninephrectomized rats were assessed for 7 days and in non-nephrectomized rats for 15 days. CyA induced a marked systemic acidosis, accompanied by decreases in blood PCO2 and plasma bicarbonate. Untreated uninephrectomized rats did not show the acidosis. In CyA-treated rats the urine pH decreased (control 6.65±0.06 vs. CyA 6.18±0.08; P〈0.01) as well as urinary bicarbonate (non-nephrectomized rats 7.50±1.88 mM vs. uninephrectomy plus CyA 0.75± 0.06 mM; P〈0.01), suggesting partial renal compensation of systemic acidosis. Titratable acidity increased in CyA-treated rats (control 21.6±1.2 vs. CyA 63.3±12.0 µEq/l; P〈0.001). Phosphate, glucose, and osmolar clearances were not significantly altered in non-nephrectomized rats treated with CyA for 15 days. There was a striking decrease in body weight in CyA-treated rats (control 274.0±3.8 vs. CyA 225.0±5.1 g; P〈0.01), but compensatory growth of the remaining kidney was not prevented by this drug or by its vehicle. In summary, CyA induced a severe metabolic acidosis in uninephrectomized rats that was not compensated by the remaining kidney, in spite of the well-preserved compensatory weight gain of this organ. Loss of body weight was significant in CyA-treated animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP-3) is a recently identified member of the mitochondrial transporter superfamily that is expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle. However, its close relative UCP-1 is expressed exclusively in brown adipose tissue, a tissue whose main function is fat combustion ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Schlagwort(e): Atmospheric composition and structure (pollution – urban and regional; troposphere – composition and chemistry) ; Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (mesoscale meteorology)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The “Étude et Simulation de la QUalité de l’air en Ile de France” (ESQUIF) project is the first integrated project dedicated to the study of the processes leading to air pollution events over the Paris area. The project was carried out over two years (summer 1998 to winter 2000) to document all types of meteorological conditions favourable to air quality degradation, and in particular to photo oxydant formation. The goals of ESQUIF are (1) to improve our understanding of the relevant chemical and dynamical processes and, in turn, improve their parametrizations in numerical models, and (2) to improve and validate existing models dedicated to pollution analysis, scenarios and/or forecasting, by establishing a comprehensive and thorough database. We present the rationale of the ESQUIF project and we describe the experimental set-up. We also report on the first experiments which took place during the summer of 1998 involving surface networks, and remote sensing instruments as well as several aircraft. Focusing on three days of August 1998, the relative contributions of long-range transported and locally-produced ozone to the elevated ozone concentrations observed during this period are discussed and chemistry-transport model preliminary results on this period are compared to measurements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Spinal cord injury ; Stroke ; B7 molecules ; Macrophage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Lesion-induced microglial/macrophage responses were investigated in post-mortem human spinal cord tissue of 20 patients who had died at a range of survival times after spinal trauma or brain infarction. Caudal to the spinal cord injury or brain infarction, a strong increase in the number of activated microglial cells was observed within the denervated intermediate grey matter and ventral horn of patients who died shortly after the insult (4–14 days). These cells were positive for the leucocyte common antigen (LCA) and for the major histocompatibility complex class II antigen (MHC II), with only a small proportion staining for the CD68 antigen. After longer survival times (1–4 months), MHC II-immunoreactivity (MHC II-IR) was clearly reduced in the grey matter but abundant in the white matter, specifically within the degenerating corticospinal tract, co-localising with CD68. In this fibre tract, elevated MHC II-IR and CD68-IR were still detectable 1 year after trauma or stroke. It is likely that the subsequent expression of CD68 on MHC II-positive microglia reflects the conversion to a macrophage phenotype, when cells are phagocytosing degenerating presynaptic terminals in grey matter target regions at early survival times and removing axonal and myelin debris in descending tracts at later survival times. No T or B cell invasion or involvement of co-stimulatory B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86) was observed. It is possible that the up-regulation of MHC II on microglia that lack the expression of B7 molecules may be responsible for the prevention of a T cell response, thus protecting the spinal cord from secondary tissue damage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Critical criminology 9 (2000), S. 5-8 
    ISSN: 1572-9877
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Rechtswissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of urban health 77 (2000), S. 86-95 
    ISSN: 1468-2869
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 82 (2000), S. 236-244 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Gastrocnemius ; Gender ; Muscle architecture ; Soleus ; Ultrasound
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish if there are gender differences in muscle architecture in relaxed human soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of normal, live subjects. Ultrasonography was used to measure fiber bundle length, muscle thickness, and angles of pennation in a total of ten predetermined sites in the medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius and the anterior and posterior soleus in 19 males and 16 females. Percentage differences between males and females for each parameter were recorded. Gender differences were statistically analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. In the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of males and females the differences between the overall fiber bundle length, angle of pennation and muscle thickness were statistically significant (P 〈 0.05). Overall, females were found to have longer average muscle fiber bundle length and males thicker muscles and larger angles of pennation. The greatest percentage differences of the architectural parameters between males and females were in the posterior soleus: 13% difference in fiber length and 26% difference in angle of pennation in the midline of posterior soleus and 26% difference in muscle thickness of the lateral part of posterior soleus. No correlation was found between leg length and fiber length, angle of pennation or muscle thickness. Fiber length (decreased), angle of pennation (greater) and muscle thickness (greater) of most parts of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were significantly different in males and females. Leg length of males and females did not correlate to these architectural parameters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 103 (2000), S. 533-537 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Pseudoobstruktion ; Ogilvie-Syndrom ; Hüfteingriffe ; Keywords Colonic pseudo ; Obstruction ; Ogilvie's syndrome ; Hip surgery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract Pseudo-obstruction of the colon is characterized by a massive colonic dilatation without mechanical obstruction. It is rarely after hip surgery, however, untreated it may be complicated by a life threatening perforation of the colon. In a retrospective analysis we reviewed 11 patients (4 women, 7 men, mean age 75.2 years, range 67 to 86 years) with pseudo-obstruction of the colon after hip surgery in the years 1995 to 1998. In relation to all patients aged 65 years and older who underwent surgery of the hip, the prevalence was 1.06%. The leading clinical symptom was abdominal distension. On plain x-rays, dilatation of the colon measured 13.3 cm on average (9–16 cm). In two patients (18%) adaequate application of drugs stimulating the gastro-intestinal motility was sufficient, whereas in 8 patients (73%) colonoscopic decompression had to be performed. In three of these, the procedure failed and because of persistent symtoms a coecostomy was performed. One patient underwent immediate laparotomy because of peritonitis. 2 patients (18%) died because of a complicated course. Non operative treatment should not exceed 24 hours, endoscopic decompression and tube placement is considered as the treatment of choice. In cases of failure of these procedures, perforation of the colon and/or peritonism, urgent laparotomy with open decompression by a coecostomy is essential.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Pseudoobstruktion des Kolons nach Hüfteingriffen ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild, das durch ein massiv geblähtes Kolon ohne mechanische Obstruktion gekennzeichnet ist. Wir berichten über 11 Patienten (4 Frauen, 7 Männer, Durchschnittsalter 75,2 (67–86) Jahre aus dem Zeitraum 1995–1998, bei denen nach Hüfteingriffen eine Pseudoobstruktion des Kolons diagnostiziert wurde. Bezogen auf die Gesamtzahl der Hüfteingriffe bei Patienten 〉65 Jahren betrug die Prävalenz 1,06%. Der durchschnittliche Kolondurchmesser betrug 13,3 (9–16) cm in der Abdomenübersichtsaufnahme. Unter medikamentöser Therapie stellte sich bei 2 Patienten (18%) ein Rückgang der Symptome ein. In 8 Fällen (73%) wurde innerhalb von 24 h eine koloskopische Absaugung zur Dekompression durchgeführt, die bei 3 Patienten wieder abgebrochen werden mußte. Bei persistierender Symptomatik erhielten diese 3 Patienten ein Zäkostoma. Ein Patient (9%) wurde unter dem Bild eines Peritonismus sofort laparotomiert und ein Zäkostoma angelegt; 2 Patienten (18%) verstarben. Zusammenfassend muß werden, daß die wichtigste Maßnahme in der Früherkennung liegt. Ein medikamentöser Behandlungsversuch sollte bei Persistenz der Symptome nach 24 h abgebrochen werden, die Therapie der Wahl ist die koloskopische Dekompression des Kolons. Bei Mißerfolg dieser Maßnahme, Anzeichen einer Darmperforation, Ischämie oder Peritonimus sind unverzüglich operative Maßnahmen einzuleiten.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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