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  • 2000-2004  (8)
  • 2001  (8)
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  • 2000-2004  (8)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetry transformations in extended irreversible thermodynamics (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 42 (2001), S. 2531-2539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider symmetry transformations that preserve the first law and the second law of thermodynamics, as well as the pseudo-Riemannian structure of the Legendre manifold defined in terms of the second derivative matrix of the entropy function in extended irreversible thermodynamics. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1368844
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusion fuel ion temperature diagnostic for directly driven implosions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3534-3536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An ultrafast quenched plastic scintillation detector was used to measure the fusion fuel ion temperature at low implosion (DT) neutron yield (5×108–3×109) in the initial experiment performed at the Shenguang II laser facility. The typical temperatures of exploding pusher targets for direct drive were around 4 keV and the uncertainties were ±15–23%. The detection efficiency of the detector to DT neutrons was calibrated at a K-400 accelerator. The time response function of the detection system was calibrated by implosion neutrons from a DT-filled capsule, which can be regarded as a δ function pulsed neutron source due to its much narrower pulse width than that of the measured neutron time-of-flight spectrum. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1396665
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic evidence for the structural similarity between a supercooled liquid and an icosahedral phase in Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 42-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By differential scanning calorimetric measurement, the kinetics of the phase transformation present in Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass during continuous heating was investigated. It was found that the effective activation energy from a supercooled liquid to an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase is much lower than that from the supercooled liquid to eutectic crystalline phases. In addition, the activation energy from the icosahedral phase to the crystalline phases is almost the same as that from the supercooled liquid to the crystalline phases. Both of them support that the local atomic structure is similar for the supercooled liquid and the icosahedral phase in the bulk metallic glass. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1383060
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging layers for 50 kV electron beam lithography: Selective displacement of noncovalently bound amine ligands from a siloxane host film (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 676-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the development of an imaging layer technology for 50 kV electron-beam lithography based upon the displacement of noncovalently bound amine ligands from a siloxane host film. The patterned films were used as templates for the selective deposition of an electroless nickel film resulting in a positive tone imaging mechanism. The deposited nickel was sufficiently robust to function as an etch mask for pattern transfer by reactive ion etching. Metallized and etched patterns with linewidths to approximately 40 nm are demonstrated using an exposure dose of 500 μC/cm2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1340860
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness and safety of nizatidine, 75 mg, for the relief of episodic heartburn (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The most frequent cause of episodic heartburn is food and beverage ingestion. Nizatidine, an H2-receptor antagonist, is currently approved for non-prescription use in the prevention and relief of heartburn at a dose of 75 mg up to twice a day.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Two identical studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of nizatidine, 75 mg, compared with placebo in treating heartburn in an ‘at-home’ setting. The studies were multicentre, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group design. A total of 994 subjects were randomized to treatment. Adequate relief of heartburn was assessed at 15, 30 and 45 min and 1, 2 and 3 h following a treatment dose. A subject’s responses with respect to time to relief and attainment of adequate relief were combined into a derived response profile, the sustained adequate relief score. Adverse experiences were noted throughout the study period.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:The individual and combined study results showed that nizatidine, 75 mg, relieved heartburn faster and/or more consistently than placebo. The mean sustained adequate relief score, calculated over a subject’s first four episodes, was 2.43 in the nizatidine-treated group compared with 2.14 in the placebo group (P 〈 0.001). Nizatidine-treated subjects attained sustained adequate relief in a significantly (P 〈 0.001) larger percentage (75%) of their heartburn episodes than did subjects treated with placebo (66%). No serious adverse experiences were associated with nizatidine treatment.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:Nizatidine, 75 mg, is a safe and effective treatment for episodic heartburn. The results showed that subjects taking nizatidine had heartburn relief that was achieved faster and/or more reliably than did subjects taking placebo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01073.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased microvessel density in malignant and borderline mammary phyllodes tumours (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 38 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Increased microvessel density in malignant and borderline mammary phyllodes tumours Aims: Tumour vascularity is considered a prognostic indicator in breast carcinoma, but its utility in mammary phyllodes tumour has not been explored. The authors report the correlation between intratumoral microvessel density and the histological grade of phyllodes tumour. Methods and results: Forty cases of phyllodes tumour were reviewed for stromal cellularity, overgrowth, cytological pleomorphism, mitotic count and margin pattern. Using established criteria, these were diagnosed as benign (n=28), borderline (n=10) and malignant (n=2). Microvessel density was counted on CD31-stained slides as the number of vessels per high power field. For benign phyllodes tumour, the range was 7–26.2 (mean 13.1); for borderline phyllodes tumour the range was 17.2–32.5 (mean 22.4); for malignant phyllodes tumour the range was 25.9–33.3 (mean 29.6). The difference between the benign and borderline groups was significant (P 〈 0.0001) but that between the borderline and malignant groups was not, due to the small number of malignant cases. Conclusions: There is a significant difference in stromal microvessel density between benign and borderline phyllodes tumour. Although the small number of cases of malignant phyllodes tumour limits further interpretation, we believe that microvessel density can be used as an additional objective histological parameter in the evaluation of phyllodes tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01150.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous variant of chronic pigmented purpuric dermatosis: report of two cases (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two patients presenting with chronic pigmented purpuric dermatosis (CPPD) on the dorsum of both feet were found to show granulomatous inflammation superimposed on the pathological changes of CPPD. Two similar cases have been reported from Japan. The unique clinicopathological features of this group of patients suggest that they have a rare granulomatous variant of CPPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04304.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High sensitivity 2 $\beta $ decay study of $^{116}$ Cd and $^{100}$ Mo with the BOREXINO counting test facility (CAMEO project) (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (2001), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The unique features (super-low background and large sensitive volume) of the CTF and BOREXINO set ups are used in the CAMEO project for a high sensitivity study of $^{100}$ Mo and $^{116}$ Cd neutrinoless 2 $\beta $ decay. Pilot measurements with $^{116}$ Cd and Monte Carlo simulations show that the sensitivity of the CAMEO experiment (in terms of the half-life limit for $ 0\nu 2\beta $ decay) is $\approx 4\times 10^{24}$ yr with a 1 kg source of $^{100}$ Mo and $\approx 10^{26}$ yr with $\approx $ 100 kg of enriched $ ^{116}$ CdWO $_4$ crystals placed in the liquid scintillator of the CTF. The last value corresponds to a limit on the neutrino mass of $m_\nu \leq 0.06$ eV. Similarly with 1000 kg of $^{116}$ CdWO $_4$ crystals located in the BOREXINO apparatus the neutrino mass limit can be pushed down to $m_\nu \leq 0.02$ eV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520100594
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