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Differential regulation by exercise of BDNF and NT-3 in rat spinal cord and skeletal muscle (2001)

Gómez-Pinilla, F. ; Ying, Z. ; Opazo, P. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

European journal of neuroscience 13 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1460-9568

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: We have investigated the impact of neuromuscular activity on the expression of neurotrophins in the lumbar spinal cord region and innervating skeletal muscle of adult rats. Rats were exercised on a treadmill for 1 day or 5 consecutive days and euthanized at 0, 2 or 6 h after the last bout of exercise. By Day 1, there was no clear evidence of an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the spinal cord or the soleus muscle. By Day 5, there was a significant increase in BDNF mRNA in the spinal cord at 2 h post-training, and the soleus muscle showed a robust increase between 0 and 6 h post-training. Immunoassays showed significant increases in BDNF protein in the soleus muscle by training Day 5. Immunohistochemical analyses showed elevated BDNF levels in motoneuron cell bodies and axons in the ventral horn. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) mRNA was measured to determine whether selected neurotrophins respond with a selective pattern of induction to neuromuscular activity. In the spinal cord, there was a progressive post-training decrease in NT-3 mRNA following a single bout of training, while there was a significant increase in NT-3 mRNA at 2 h post-training by Day 5. The soleus muscle showed a progressive increase in NT-3 mRNA by Days 1 and 5 following training. These results show that neuromuscular activity has specific effects on the BDNF and NT-3 systems, and that repetitive exercise affects the magnitude and stability of these responses.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01484.x

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Some results concerning the potential energy of interfaces with nonuniformly distributed surfactant (2001)

Schwartz, L. W. ; Roy, R. V.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Physics of Fluids 13 (2001), S. 3089-3092

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ISSN: 1089-7666

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: A functional is presented for the stored energy content, or potential energy, of a nonuniform distribution of surfactant on a liquid interface. This is the energy available to drive fluid motion using surface-tension-gradient forces. The functional is shown to be non-negative. An energy evolution equation is derived for the motion of a thin liquid film, whose shape evolves under the combined influence of surface tension, viscous, and surfactant effects. Numerical calculations show the time history of these global energy components. Results are relevant to the flow behavior of wetting agents, soap films, foams, and emulsions with possible applications in the industrial and biological worlds. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.