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Digitale Medien

Prediction by computerised tomography of distance from skin to epidural space during thoracic epidural insertion (2002)

Carnie, J. ; Boden, J. ; Gao Smith, F.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2044

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Summary In this single group observational study on 29 patients, we describe a technique that predicts the depth of the epidural space, calculated from the routine pre-operative chest computerised tomography (CT) scan using Pythagorean triangle trigonometry. We also compared the CT-derived depth of the epidural space with the actual depth of needle insertion. The CT-derived and the actual depths of the epidural space were highly correlated (r = 0.88, R2 = 0.78, p 〈 0.0001). The mean (95% CI) difference between CT-derived and actual depths was 0.26 (0.03–0.49) cm. Thus, the CT-derived depth tends to be greater than the actual depth by between 0.03 and 0.49 cm. There were no associations between either the CT-derived or the actual depth of the epidural space and age, weight, height or body mass index.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02572_4.x

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Digitale Medien

Induction of the Na+/Pi cotransport system in the plasma membrane of Chara corallina requires external Na+ and low levels of Pi (2002)

Mimura, T. ; Reid, R. J. ; Ohsumi, Y. ; [weitere]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: It was shown in previous studies that the giant freshwater alga Chara corallina does not control its Na+-dependent Pi uptake by monitoring the internal Pi concentration and it was hypothesized that Chara may instead detect changes in Pi supply from the environment. The present work investigated the conditions that control the induction and inactivation of high affinity Na+/Pi influx in Chara. Withdrawal of Pi from the external medium resulted in a gradual increase in the rate of uptake measured immediately after Pi was resupplied. The increase continued for at least 7 d of starvation. In the initial stages, 0·5 or 1 µm Pi were more effective at inducing transport activity than no Pi, suggesting that low levels of Pi are actually required for induction. The high Na+-dependent Pi uptake observed in Pi-starved cells was inactivated by treatment with as little as 1 µm Pi over 6 d. External Na+ plays a major role in controlling the capacity for Na+/Pi cotransport activity, and in the absence of Na+, both induction and inactivation were either delayed or abolished. Na+ starvation stimulated Na+ uptake even though there were no measurable changes in the concentrations of Na+, or of K+ or Pi in either the vacuole or cytoplasm. It was concluded that both substrate (Pi) and driver ion (Na+) are required at adequate concentrations for the induction of the cotransporter. In the case of Pi, it was suggested that passive leakage of Pi from the cell into the apoplast is sufficient for this purpose but that supplementation by up to 1 µm Pi is more effective at the earlier stage. A mechanism for sensing the external supply of Pi is proposed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00921.x

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