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  • 2020-2024  (16)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2023  (16)
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  • 2020-2024  (16)
  • 2005-2009
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  • 1
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    Non-Linear Charge Functions for Electric Vehicle Scheduling with Dynamic Recharge Rates (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2023-09-05
    Description: The ongoing electrification of logistics systems and vehicle fleets increases the complexity of associated vehicle routing or scheduling problems. Battery-powered vehicles have to be scheduled to recharge in-service, and the relationship between charging time and replenished driving range is non-linear. In order to access the powerful toolkit offered by mixed-integer and linear programming techniques, this battery behavior has to be linearized. Moreover, as electric fleets grow, power draw peaks have to be avoided to save on electricity costs or to adhere to hard grid capacity limits, such that it becomes desirable to keep recharge rates dynamic. We suggest a novel linearization approach of battery charging behavior for vehicle scheduling problems, in which the recharge rates are optimization variables and not model parameters.
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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    OPUS
  • 2
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    Non-Linear Battery Behavior in Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problems (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2023-10-04
    Description: The currently most popular approach to handle non-linear battery behavior for electric vehicle scheduling is to use a linear spline interpolation of the charge curve. We show that this can lead to approximate models that underestimate the charge duration and overestimate the state of charge, which is not desirable. While the error is of second order with respect to the interpolation step size, the associated mixed-integer linear programs do not scale well with the number of spline segments. It is therefore recommendable to use coarse interpolation grids adapted to the curvature of the charge curve, and to include sufficient safety margins to ensure solutions of approximate models remain feasible subjected to the exact charge curve.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
  • 3
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    A Robustness Analysis of Long Distance Train Crew Schedules in Germany (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Nowadays railway networks are highly complex and often very fragile systems. A wide variety of individual operations that influence each other have to go hand in hand to end up with a smoothly and efficiently running system. Many of these operations suffer from uncertainty as trains could be delayed, the signaling system be disrupted or scheduled crews could be ill. Usually these opartions could be organized hierarchically from long term strategical decisions to real time decision management. Each stage in the hierarchy defines a different mathematical optimization problem, which is solved sequentially. At every stage the knowledge about preceding or succeeding planning stages may vary and also the interaction between two stages in this chain of problems may vary from almost no interaction to highly dependent situations. This paper deals with a topic that is an example for the latter case, namely the interaction between vehicle schedules, vehicle punctuality, and crew schedules. To reduce the number of potential rescheduling actions we developed a software tool in cooperation with our practical partner DB Fernverkehr AG (DBF) to predict a certain set of critical crew schedules. This tool evaluates, predicts, and determines "bottlenecks" in the crew schedule in the sense of potentially required rescheduling actions due to likely delays. The approach was tested on real life crew and train timetable data of DBF and can be regarded as the computation of key performance indicators, which is often desired. For our experiments we had access to the operated timetable and crew schedule of DBF for periods of two and six weeks in 2019.
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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    OPUS
  • 4
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    A Comparison of Models for Rolling Stock Scheduling (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: A major step in the planning process of passenger railway operators is the assignment of rolling stock, i.e., train units, to the trips of the timetable. A wide variety of mathematical optimization models have been proposed to support this task, which we discuss and argue to be justified in order to deal with operational differences between railway operators, and hence different planning requirements, in the best possible way. Our investigation focuses on two commonly used models, the Composition model and the Hypergraph model, that were developed for Netherlands Railways (NS) and DB Fernverkehr AG (DB), respectively. We compare these models in a rolling stock scheduling setting similar to that of NS, which we show to be strongly NP-hard, and propose different variants of the Hypergraph model to tune the model to the NS setting. We prove that, in this setting, the linear programming bounds of both models are equally strong as long as a Hypergraph model variant is chosen that is sufficiently expressive. However, through a numerical evaluation on NS instances, we show that the Composition model is generally more compact in practice and can find optimal solutions in the shortest running time.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 5
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    Assignment Based Resource Constrained Path Generation for Railway Rolling Stock Optimization (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: The fundamental task of every passenger railway operator is to offer an attractive railway timetable to the passengers while operating it as cost efficiently as possible. The available rolling stock has to be assigned to trips so that all trips are operated, operational requirements are satisfied, and the operating costs are minimum. This so-called Rolling Stock Rotation Problem (RSRP) is well studied in the literature. In this paper we consider an acyclic version of the RSRP that includes vehicle maintenance. As the latter is an important aspect, maintenance services have to be planned simultaneously to ensure the rotation’s feasibility in practice. Indeed, regular maintenance is important for the safety and reliability of the rolling stock as well as enforced by law in many countries. We present a new integer programming formulation that links a hyperflow to model vehicle compositions and their coupling decisions to a set of path variables that take care of the resource consumption of the individual vehicles. To solve the model we developed different column generation algorithms which are compared to each other as well as to the MILP flow formulation of [Ralf Borndörfer et al., 2016] on a test set of real world instances.
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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    OPUS
  • 6
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    Error Bounds for Discrete-Continuous Free Flight Trajectory Optimization (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Flight planning, the computation of optimal routes in view of flight time and fuel consumption under given weather conditions, is traditionally done by finding globally shortest paths in a predefined airway network. Free flight trajectories, not restricted to a network, have the potential to reduce the costs significantly, and can be computed using locally convergent continuous optimal control methods. Hybrid methods that start with a discrete global search and refine with a fast continuous local optimization combine the best properties of both approaches, but rely on a good switchover, which requires error estimates for discrete paths relative to continuous trajectories. Based on vertex density and local complete connectivity, we derive localized and a priori bounds for the flight time of discrete paths relative to the optimal continuous trajectory, and illustrate their properties on a set of benchmark problems. It turns out that localization improves the error bound by four orders of magnitude, but still leaves ample opportunities for tighter bounds using a posteriori error estimators.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
  • 7
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    Newton's Method for Global Free Flight Trajectory Optimization (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Globally optimal free flight trajectory optimization can be achieved with a combination of discrete and continuous optimization. A key requirement is that Newton's method for continuous optimization converges in a sufficiently large neighborhood around a minimizer. We show in this paper that, under certain assumptions, this is the case.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
  • 8
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    Convergence Properties of Newton's Method for Globally Optimal Free Flight Trajectory Optimization (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The algorithmic efficiency of Newton-based methods for Free Flight Trajectory Optimization is heavily influenced by the size of the domain of convergence. We provide numerical evidence that the convergence radius is much larger in practice than what the theoretical worst case bounds suggest. The algorithm can be further improved by a convergence-enhancing domain decomposition.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    OPUS
  • 9
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    Convergence Properties of Newton’s Method for Globally Optimal Free Flight Trajectory Optimization (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The algorithmic efficiency of Newton-based methods for Free Flight Trajectory Optimization is heavily influenced by the size of the domain of convergence. We provide numerical evidence that the convergence radius is much larger in practice than what the theoretical worst case bounds suggest. The algorithm can be further improved by a convergence-enhancing domain decomposition.
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    OPUS
  • 10
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    Newton's Method for Global Free Flight Trajectory Optimization (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Globally optimal free flight trajectory optimization can be achieved with a combination of discrete and continuous optimization. A key requirement is that Newton's method for continuous optimization converges in a sufficiently large neighborhood around a minimizer. We show in this paper that, under certain assumptions, this is the case.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    OPUS
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