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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal nutritional status in pregnancy and blood pressure in childhood (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 101 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To examine the relation between indices of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, including haemoglobin concentration, skinfold thickness and body weight, and the child's blood pressure at 10 to 12 years of age.Design Follow up study of children whose mothers had haemoglobin estimations, weights and skinfold thicknesses recorded during pregnancy.Setting Kingston, Jamaica.Subjects Seventy-seven children whose mothers took part in a prospective study of nutrition during pregnancy in relation to fetal growth.Main outcome measure Blood pressure at 10 to 12 years of age.Results The child's mean systolic pressure adjusted for current weight rose by 2.6 mmHg (95 % CI 0.5–4.6, P= 0.01) for each 1 g/dl fall in the mother's lowest haemoglobin during pregnancy. Mothers with a lower haemoglobin had thinner skinfold thicknesses, especially over the triceps (P= 0.005). In multiple regression analyses, taking account of the child's sex and current weight, there was a strong association between thin maternal triceps skinfold thickness at 15 weeks of gestation and raised blood pressure in the offspring. Taking account of the mother's triceps skinfold thickness abolished the relation between lower haemoglobin and raised blood pressure in the child. Lower weight gain between 15 and 35 weeks of gestation was independently associated with raised children's blood pressure. Systolic pressure rose by 10.7 mmHg (95 % CI 5.7 to 15.6, P= 0.0001) for each log mm decrease in the mother's triceps skinfold thickness, and by 0.6 mmHg (95% CI 0.1 to 1.0, P= 0.02) for each 1 kg decrease in the mother's weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusions These results parallel animal experiments suggesting that impaired maternal nutrition may underlie the programming of adult hypertension during fetal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb11911.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of maternal anaemia and iron deficiency on the ratio of fetal weight to placental weight (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective— To examine the maternal influences which determine large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight. These are known predictors of adult blood pressure.Design— Retrospective analysis of routine obstetric and haematology department records for a large cohort of pregnant women.Setting— John Radeliffe Hospital, Oxford.Subjects— 8684 pregnant women who were delivered between January 1987 and January 1989 and whose records could be linked to the results of two or more pregnancy blood counts.Main outcome measures— Placental weight and the ratio of placental weight to birthweight.Results— Large placental weight was associated with a low maternal haemoglobin and a fall in maternal mean cell volume during pregnancy. The highest ratio of placental weight to birthweight occurred in the most anaemic women with the largest falls in mean cell volume. Large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight were also independently associated with a high maternal body mass index. Maternal smoking reduced placental weight, but increased the ratio of placental weight to birthweight.Conclusions— Anaemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy are associated with large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight. This points to maternal nutritional deficiency as a cause for discordance between placental and fetal growth. This may have important implications for the prevention of adult hypertension, which appears to have its origin in fetal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13510.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disproportionate fetal growth and raised IgE concentration in adult life (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether either impaired or disproportionate fetal growth are associated with a raised total serum IgE concentration in men and women aged 50 years. The serum IgE concentration was measured in 146 men and 134 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail.Sixty-two subjects were found to have an IgE concentration above 80 IU/ml. Compared with subjects with a normal IgE on average they had a 0.30 inch larger head circumference at birth (P -0.004) and weighed 5.6 ounces more at birth (P= 0.04). People with a raised and with a normal IgE were of similar crown-heel length at birth, indicating that in utero those with a raised IgE had had disproportionate growth of the head in relation to the trunk and limbs. The prevalence of a raised IgE rose from 14% in subjects whose head circumference at birth was 13 inches or less to 37% in those whose head circumference was more than 14 inches. This association was independent of gestational age at birth and of the mother's pelvic size and parity. It was also independent of adult physique, social class and smoking, and was similar in men and women. In multiple logistic regression analyses odds ratios of a raised IgE rose progressively to more than 4 as head circumference at birth increased from 13 inches or less to more than 14 inches.One possibility is that these associations reflect the long-term effects of sustaining fetal brain growth at the expense of the trunk, in particular the thymus. This may be a consequence of fetal under-nutrition in late gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00968.x
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  • 4
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    A Simplification of the Revised Lorge Readability Formula (1968)
    Bloomington, Ill. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Educational Research. 61:9 (1968:May/June) 398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0671
    Topics: Education
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1123-1968-061-09-000003
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pulp and paper effluent on a marine fish, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 48 (1992), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195646
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) sampled near a pulp and paper mill (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated anomalies in two species of benthic sculpins (Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus and M. scorpius) inhabiting a marine inlet in Newfoundland, Canada, where effluent from a pulp and paper mill is discharged and from two reference sites. Condition factor of both species of sculpins from the polluted and a reference site was similar. Some differences in parasite fauna were observed. Tissues from reference fish, obtained from two uncontaminated sites for comparison, were normal. Impaired vision, fin and tail necrosis, hyperplasia of the gill epithelium, depletion of energy reserves in the liver, and multifocal hemosiderosis in the spleen were observed primarily in M. octodecemspinosus captured near the paper mill. These stress-associated lesions, probably caused by undetermined xenobiotics, appear to be associated with the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214152
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) living adjacent to a pulp and paper mill (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Winter flounder were captured by scuba divers from an area adjacent to a sulfite pulp and paper mill and from a reference site and the tissues examined for lesions. Severe hyperplasia of the gills, focal vacuolation in the liver, and multifocal hemosiderosis in the spleen and liver were most pronounced in large, adult fish collected near the mill. Lesions were less severe and prevalent in smaller fish. Vacuolation in the liver represents a preneoplastic lesion. The histopathological changes appear to be the result of chronic exposure. Few or no lesions were observed in the tissues of flounder taken from the reference site. Although the specific cause of these lesions is unknown, it is likely associated with cytotoxic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212799
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paternal origin of new mutations in Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 343 (1990), S. 558-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fourteen three-generation families were identified in which a new mutation to NF-1 had occurred in a single individual in the second generation. DNA typing of these families for loci closely linked to NF-1 (results summarized in Table 1 and Fig. 1) showed that in 12 of the 14 cases, it was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/343558a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response from the authors (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 974-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374485
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 595-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400248
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