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  • 2015-2019  (15)
  • 1945-1949  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Chemie der Silikone (1947)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 34 (1947), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589868
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einige neue Halogenide des Siliciums, VII. MitteilungVI. Mitteil.: Ztschr. Anorg. Chem. 253, 273 [1947]. (1947)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 80 (1947), S. 444-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird ein harzartiges, plastisches, dehnbares Siliciumchlorid der Formel Si25Cl52 beschrieben, das im Abschreckrohr aus Siliciumtetrachlorid-Dampf in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre bei etwa 1250° erhalten wurde.Bei der Hydrolyse eines 6-gliedrigen Siliciumchlorids entsteht ein festes, weißes Hydroxyl-Derivat, für das mittels des thermischen Abbaus die Formel Si6(OH)10O2 ermittelt wurde. Die Verbindung kann als „Oktoxy-silico-adipinsäure“ bezeichnet werden.Für eine bei 60-70° i. Vak. siedende Fraktion der in einer Wasserstoffatmosphäre dargestellten Siliciumchloride ergab sich die Formel Si5Cl10H2.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19470800513
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einige neue Halogenide des Siliciums. VI. Mitteilung. Formel und Konstitution eines Silicosebazinsäurederivates (1947)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 253 (1947), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0372-7874
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die bei der Hydrolyse von Si10Cl22 bzw. Si10Cl20H2 entstehende Verbindung - ein lockeres weißes, an der Luft brennbares Pulver - wird durch geeignete Methoden auf ihre Zusammensetzung untersucht. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse eines thermischen Abbaus wird für sie die Formel Si10(OH(10O6 ermittelt. Danach handelt es sich bei ihr um ein Dekahydroxo-hexoxodekasilan bzw. in Anlehnung an die Namengebung länger bekannter homologer Verbindungen um eine Okthydroxo-tetroxo-silico-sebazinsäure. Die Verbindung verliert beim Erhitzen im Vakuum auf 200° unter Selbstoxydation ihren Wasserstoff und gibt ein intermediäres Produkt Si10O16, ein Siloxan, das ebenfalls noch brennbar ist und durch Erhitzen auf 600° unter Disproportionierung in SiO2 und Si zerlegt wird. Für die Verbindung Si10(OH)10O6 1äßt sich auf Grund ihrer genetischen Beziehung und ihrer Reaktionen ein Strukturbild entwerfen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19472530505
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    The Specialized MINLP Approach (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: We propose an approach to solve the validation of nominations problem using mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) methods. Our approach handles both the discrete settings and the nonlinear aspects of gas physics. Our main contribution is an innovative coupling of mixed-integer (linear) programming (MILP) methods with nonlinear programming (NLP) that exploits the special structure of a suitable approximation of gas physics, resulting in a global optimization method for this type of problem.
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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    OPUS
  • 5
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    Computational results for validation of nominations (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: The different approaches to solve the validation of nomination problem presented in the previous chapters are evaluated computationally in this chapter. Each approach is analyzed individually, as well as the complete solvers for these problems. We demonstrate that the presented approaches can successfully solve large-scale real-world instances.
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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    OPUS
  • 6
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    GasLib - A Library of Gas Network Instances (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: The development of mathematical simulation and optimization models and algorithms for solving gas transport problems is an active field of research. In order to test and compare these models and algorithms, gas network instances together with demand data are needed. The goal of GasLib is to provide a set of publicly available gas network instances that can be used by researchers in the field of gas transport. The advantages are that researchers save time by using these instances and that different models and algorithms can be compared on the same specified test sets. The library instances are encoded in an XML format. In this paper, we explain this format and present the instances that are available in the library.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
  • 7
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    A System to Evaluate Gas Network Capacities: Concepts and Implementation (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: Since 2005, the gas market in the European Union is liberalized and the trading of natural gas is decoupled from its transport. The transport is done by so-called transmissions system operators or TSOs. The market model established by the European Union views the gas transmission network as a black box, providing shippers (gas traders and consumers) the opportunity to transport gas from any entry to any exit. TSOs are required to offer maximum independent capacities at each entry and exit such that the resulting gas flows can be realized by the network without compromising security of supply. Therefore, evaluating the available transport capacities is extremely important to the TSOs. This paper gives an overview of the toolset for evaluating gas network capacities that has been developed within the ForNe project, a joint research project of seven research partners initiated by Open Grid Europe, Germany's biggest TSO. While most of the relevant mathematics is described in the book "Evaluating Gas Network Capacities", this article sketches the system as a whole, describes some developments that have taken place recently, and gives some details about the current implementation.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
  • 8
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    Optimal Looping of Pipelines in Gas Networks (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: In this paper, we compare several approaches for the problem of gas network expansions using loops, that is, to build new pipelines in parallel to existing ones. We present different model formulations for the problem of continuous loop expansions as well as discrete loop expansions. We then analyze problem properties, such as the structure and convexity of the underlying feasible regions. The paper concludes with a computational study comparing the continuous and the discrete formulations.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
  • 9
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    Using Bilevel Optimization to find Severe Transport Situations in Gas Transmission Networks (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: In the context of gas transmission in decoupled entry-exit systems, many approaches to determine the network capacity are based on the evaluation of realistic and severe transport situations. In this paper, we review the Reference Point Method, which is an algorithm used in practice to generate a set of scenarios using the so-called transport moment as a measure for severity. We introduce a new algorithm for finding severe transport situations that considers an actual routing of the flow through the network and is designed to handle issues arising from cyclic structures in a more dynamical manner. Further, in order to better approximate the physics of gas, an alternative, potential based flow formulation is proposed. The report concludes with a case study based on data from the benchmark library GasLib.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
  • 10
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    On the Relation between the Extended Supporting Hyperplane Algorithm and Kelley’s Cutting Plane Algorithm (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Recently, Kronqvist et al. (2016) rediscovered the supporting hyperplane algorithm of Veinott (1967) and demonstrated its computational benefits for solving convex mixed-integer nonlinear programs. In this paper we derive the algorithm from a geometric point of view. This enables us to show that the supporting hyperplane algorithm is equivalent to Kelley's cutting plane algorithm applied to a particular reformulation of the problem. As a result, we extend the applicability of the supporting hyperplane algorithm to convex problems represented by general, not necessarily convex, differentiable functions that satisfy a mild condition.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
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