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  • 1
    Title: Modeling by nonlinear differential equations : dissipative and conservative processes; vol. 69
    Author: Phillipson, Paul E.
    Contributer: Schuster, Peter
    Publisher: Singapore :World Scientific,
    Year of publication: 2009
    Pages: XI, 225 S.
    Series Statement: World Scientific series on nonlinear science; series A vol. 69
    ISBN: 978-981-4271-59-2
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 10 (1998), S. 2298-2314 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results from large eddy simulations (LES) and direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a two-dimensional, spatially developing, compressible planar free jet undergoing an idealized, exothermic, chemical reaction of the type F+rOx→(1+r)P are presented in order to assess several subgrid-scale (SGS) combustion models. Both a priori and a posteriori assessments are conducted. The SGS turbulence model used is the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM). Two classes of SGS combustion models are employed in this study. These include the conserved scalar approach and the direct closure approach. Specifically, the SGS combustion models involve several forms of direct filtered reaction rate closures, including a scale similarity filtered reaction rate model (SSFRRM), and a mixing controlled strained laminar flamelet model (SLFM) in the form of thermochemical state relationships, obtained from the DNS, and two assumed forms for the subgrid mixture fraction filtered density function (FDF). In general, LES results are in reasonable agreement with DNS results and highlight the performance of the various SGS combustion models. In particular, in the context of the present study, it is found that: (1) the SLFM cases overpredict product formation due to their inability to capture finite-rate chemistry effects; (2) due to the relatively low values of the SGS mixture fraction variance in the flow under study, the SLFM results are not sensitive to the form of the assumed FDF; and (3) in comparison to the other models investigated, the SSFRRM combustion model provides the best agreement with the DNS for product formation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3055-3064 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently proposed novel concept of a spherical stellarator (P. E. Moroz, "Spherical stellarator configuration,'' to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett) is enhanced by adding the plasma current to the otherwise pure stellarator system. The coil configuration of this ultra low aspect ratio system differs from that of a spherical tokamak by inclination of external parts of the toroidal field coils. It is shown that the configuration considered possesses many attractive properties, including: wide flexibility of operating regimes, compact design and coil simplicity, good access to the plasma, closed vacuum flux surfaces with large enclosed volume, significant external rotational transform, strong magnetic well, and a high plasma β [β(0) in excess of 30%] equilibrium. It is shown that the bootstrap effect in a spherical stellarator, in principle, can supply the full plasma current required for the high-β equilibrium. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 4269-4284 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The detailed analysis of the vacuum magnetic field structure produced by the inclined toroidal field (TF) coils is presented. This configuration has a potential for adding stellarator properties to the tokamak configuration while maintaining the simplicity of planar coils. Parameters of the system are identified that result in significant stellarator-like effects: large vacuum flux surfaces and appreciable rotational transform. Two sets of closed flux surfaces with opposite helicity are studied: the internal one and the external one. It is found that the external set of flux surfaces possesses a magnetic well and, hence, is favorable for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability. Also, it has larger enclosed volume and rotational transform. It is, hence, preferential in our studies, in comparison with the internal set that usually features a magnetic hill. Analysis of the flux surface structure and the helical harmonic spectrum yields optimization rules required for the configuration to be of practical interest for possible fusion applications. In a few examples it is demonstrated what occurs if the parameters are set differently than optimal. It is found that toroidal inhomogeneity is a key factor and vacuum flux surfaces disappear in the limit of a very high number of TF coils. The important role of the poloidal field (PF) coil system is stressed, and the possibility of the compensated PF system (with zero total current) is found. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Systemic growth hormone and locally administered insulin-like growth factor-I have been shown in a number of studies to improve the breaking strength of incisional wounds, especially in compromised animals. The objective of the present study was to compare these two agents when administered subcutaneously distant from an incisional wound site in pigs, as well as to examine effects of a combination growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor treatment. Growth hormone was shown to increase wound breaking strength in two experiments, whereas insulin-like growth factor-I or a more potent analog had no effect. Moreover, breaking strength was only minimally improved above the vehicle groups by the combination of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I. These effects could not be explained by changes in plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations which were highest in the combination groups, nor by plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 which was raised equally whenever growth hormone was administered. We conclude that systemic growth hormone but not insulin-like growth factor-I improves wound strength in normal pigs, whereas insulin-like growth factor-I reduces the magnitude of the growth hormone effect by an unknown mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Under a tightly regulated expression mechanism, matrix metalloproteinases degrade extracellular matrix proteins and are though to play a role in injury repair and tumor metastasis in peripheral tissues. Little is known about the function of matrix metalloproteinases or agents that regulate their production in adult brain; however, it has been shown that the activity of a calcium-dependent metalloproteinase is elevated in Alzheimer's hippocampus. The goals of this study were to determine whether cultured rat astrocytes produce matrix metalloproteinases and to identify agents that regulate protease activity. Enriched astrocyte cultures were prepared from brains of 1-day-old rat pups, and experiments were performed 13 days later. Gelatinase activity in astrocyte conditioned medium was determined using zymography with gelatin copolymerized with acrylamide in the gel. Under basal conditions after a 24-h incubation, rat astrocytes produce gelatinases of 58 and 66 kDa. On stimulation of astrocytes with lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1α or -β, or tumor necrosis factor-α for 24 h, a dose-dependent increase in the activity of the 58- and 66-kDa gelatinases and the induction of a 94-kDa gelatinase occurred. All three astrocyte-derived proteases showed maximal activity in the presence of millimolar levels of Ca2+, their activity was inhibited in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline, and their proenzymes were cleaved and activated after incubation with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate. Using immunoblotting, immunopositive bands at the respective molecular sizes indicated that the 58-kDa gelatinase was gelatinase A (matrix metalloproteinase 2) and the 94-kDa activity was gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase 9). Induction of the 94-kDa gelatinase by lipopolysaccharide was not influenced when interleukin-1 receptor antagonist was included during the 24-h incubation period; however, the antagonist completely blocked interleukin-1β-induced 94-kDa activity and diminished the activity of the 58- and 66-kDa gelatinases. Dexamethasone inhibited both lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1β stimulation of the 94-kDa gelatinase. These results indicate that cytokines regulate matrix metalloproteinase expression in cultured rat astrocytes. Because astrocytes become “activated” (are hypertrophic and express increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein) in the presence of several inflammatory cytokines, it is possible that these astrocyte-derived enzymes contribute to the activation process and may participate in tissue remodeling after brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Growing evidence supports the notion of a functional relationship between the presence of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and the production of inflammatory mediators in and around neuritic plaques of Alzheimer's disease. Tissue remodeling enzymes that are critical in peripheral inflammatory responses are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes produced by neurons and glia. Thus, it was of interest to determine whether Aβ may alter the expression of MMPs in glial and neuronal cultures. It was demonstrated that Aβ (1–40) is a potent stimulator of MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in addition to inducing the expression of a lower molecular weight, unidentified gelatinase activity in mixed hippocampal and astrocyte cultures. Shorter fragments of Aβ were less effective in stimulating the production of these enzymes. The lower molecular weight activity was observed only in response to Aβ, and not after treatment with various cytokines. In addition, both cultures express MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) in response to Aβ peptides. These results suggest that MMPs may play a role in the development or progression of neuritic plaques, i.e., abnormal neurite outgrowth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 72 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : The concentration of glucose in the brain's extracellularfluid remains controversial, with recent estimates and measurements rangingfrom 0.35 to 3.3 mM. In the present experiments, we used the methodof zero-net-flux microdialysis to determine glucose concentration in thehippocampal extracellular fluid of awake, freely moving rats. In addition, thepoint of zero-net-flux was measured across variations in flow rate to confirmthat the results for glucose measurement were robust to such variations. In3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, the concentration of glucose in thehippocampal extracellular fluid was found to be 1.00 ± 0.05mM, which did not vary with changes in flow rate. Three-month-old and24-month-old Fischer-344 rats both showed a significantly higher hippocampalextracellular fluid glucose concentration, at 1.24 ± 0.07 and 1.21± 0.04 mM, respectively ; there was no significant differencebetween the two age groups. The present data demonstrate variation inextracellular brain glucose concentration between rat strains. When takentogether with previous data showing a striatal extracellular glucoseconcentration on the order of 0.5 mM, the data also demonstratevariation in extracellular glucose between brain regions. Traditional modelsof brain glucose transport and distribution, in which extracellularconcentration is assumed to be constant, may require revision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychology of women quarterly 20 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-6402
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: The present study attempted to replicate and extend Heilman and Stopeck's (1985a) Lack of Fit Model. Using the Lack of Fit Model's proposal that attractiveness enhances perceived gender characteristics, we examined the effects of attractiveness and performance evaluations of persons in jobs rated as masculine, feminine, and neutral. Results were not consistent with the Model and did not replicate the results of the earlier study. Instead, attractiveness emerged as an asset regardless of job type or gender of employee. Attractive men and women were given higher overall ratings in all three jobs. In addition, attractive ratings were related to masculinity–femininity ratings. These findings are discussed in light of demographic and attitudinal changes in the workplace.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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