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  • 2005-2009  (39)
  • 1915-1919  (4)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacologic C5-Complement Suppression Reduces Blood Loss During On-Pump Cardiac Surgery (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5020 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , England . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiac surgery 20 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Background: Inflammation contributes to morbidity following on-pump cardiac surgery. Complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass has been associated with the postoperative bleeding and tissue injury. This study examines the pharmacology and impact on blood loss of complement C5 suppression with pexelizumab in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Pexelizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody single-chain fragment that binds to the human C5 complement component, was studied in a Phase II multicentered clinical trial. CABG (n = 800) and CABG with concomitant valve surgery (n = 114) patients were evaluated. Patients were randomized to either: pexelizumab bolus (2.0 mg/kg) + placebo infusion; pexelizumab bolus (2.0 mg/kg) + pexelizumab infusion (0.05 mg/kg/hour for 24 hours); or placebo bolus + placebo infusion. Pharmacology, chest tube drainage, and transfusion requirements were assessed. Results: Mean maximum pexelizumab serum concentration was similar for bolus and bolus + infusion-treated patients. Complement-dependent serum hemolytic activity was completely suppressed within 1 hour following pexelizumab bolus, however, suppression was maintained for a longer duration in the bolus + infusion compared to the bolus-only treated patients. A reduction in chest tube drainage was observed for all pexelizumab-treated patients, although transfusion of blood products was similar across all study groups. Conclusion: Pexelizumab administration inhibits complement-dependent hemolytic activity and is associated with a reduction in postoperative chest tube drainage in patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Further, clinical studies are needed to assess the value of complement attenuation in this setting.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0886-0440.2005.200370.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY OF PROSTATE CANCER PROGRESSION (2006)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease (2006) 1 (2006), S. 243-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-4006
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Prostate cancer displays considerable clinical, morphological, and biological heterogeneity. Classical genetic techniques have provided only limited information about the pathogenesis of prostate cancer progression. Nevertheless, several candidate genes and pathways have been implicated in prostate cancer development. High-throughput techniques have exponentially expanded the number of candidate genes, including some whose role in prostate cancer pathogenesis has been studied. However, the techniques used to study the prostate cancer genome, transcriptome, and proteome generate massive amounts of data that have yet to be integrated and explored. To move beyond candidate gene identification and develop a comprehensive understanding of cancer pathogenesis, integrative approaches need to analyze this data on a global level. This review addresses candidate genes involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis in a biological and clinical context and demonstrates how integrated analysis of high-throughput data augments our understanding of prostate cancer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100047
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aboriginal Self-Determination in Australia (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human communication research 31 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2958
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign
    Notizen: In the context of Aboriginal–Anglo Australian relations, we tested the effect of framing (multiculturalism versus separatism) and majority group members' social values (universalism) on the persuasiveness of Aboriginal group rhetoric, majority collective guilt, attitudes toward compensation, and reparations for Aboriginals. As predicted, Anglo Australians who are low on universalism report more collective guilt when presented with a multiculturalist than a separatist Aboriginal frame, whereas those high on universalism report high levels of guilt independent of frame. The same pattern was predicted and found for the persuasiveness of the rhetoric and attitudes toward compensation. Our data suggest that (a) for individuals low in universalism, framing produces attitudes consonant with compensation because it produces collective guilt and (b) the reason that universalists are more in favor of compensation and reparation is because of high collective guilt. We discuss the strategic use of language to create power through the manipulation of collective guilt in political contexts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2005.tb00869.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Self-Categorization Explanation for the Third-Person Effect (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human communication research 31 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2958
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign
    Notizen: Three studies tested a self-categorization theory explanation for the third-person effect. In Study 1 (N= 49) undergraduate students judged the influence of the National Enquirer, Wall Street Journal, and TV show Friends on themselves, relative to low- and high-status outgroup members, and other undergraduate students. The profile of first- and third-person perceptions was largely consistent with predictions, and the size of the third-person effect decreased as perceived similarity to target others increased—but only for media that were normative for comparison others. Study 2 (N= 49) provided evidence for this process with different media and showed that the profile of first- and third-person perceptions matched closely with perceived norms of media consumption—but not the social desirability of those media. Study 3 (N= 64) showed that the third-person effect for the same media and target other shifts with the frame of reference in which the judgment is made. Taken together, the findings are consistent with self-categorization theory and difficult to reconcile with other explanations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2005.tb00867.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hemispheric division of labour in reading (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Journal of research in reading 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9817
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Pädagogik
    Notizen: We argue that the reading of words and text is fundamentally conditioned by the splitting of the fovea and the hemispheric division of the brain, and, furthermore, that the equitable division of labour between the hemispheres is a characteristic of normal visual word recognition. We report analyses of a representative corpus of the eye fixations of normal readers in the realistic reading of text where we compare hemispheric processing, quantified in terms of uncertainty about the orthographic, phonological and semantic representations of the words of the text. The analyses show that normal reading is accurately understood in terms of an equitable division of labour in the construction of the orthographic identity of the word and that, for English, a semantic division patterns closely with the orthographic division. We infer that impaired inter-hemispheric co-ordination of orthographic information may be best compensated for by a reliance on the inter-hemispheric co-ordination of semantic information, as in phonological dyslexia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2005.00268.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activity-dependent subcellular localization of NAC1, dendrites and glia (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04445.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activity-dependent subcellular localization of NAC1 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The expression of the transcriptional regulator NAC1 is increased in the nucleus accumbens of rats withdrawn from cocaine self-administration, and in vivo studies indicate that the up-regulation is a compensatory mechanism opposing the acute effects of cocaine. Both mammalian two-hybrid assay and punctate localization largely in the nucleus suggest NAC1 is a transcriptional regulator. However, in this report it is shown that in differentiated PC12 and Neuro2A cells, as well as in primary cortical neurons, NAC1 is diffusely expressed not only in the cell nucleus but also in cytoplasm. Blockade of spontaneous electrical activity by tetrodotoxin prevented the diffuse expression of NAC1, and depolarization with high potassium concentrations induced diffuse cellular localization in non-differentiating cells. The use of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and activator, as well as the systematic mutation of potential PKC phosphorylation sites in NAC1, demonstrated that phosphorylation of residue S245 by PKC is a necessary event inducing diffuse NAC1 expression outside of the nucleus. These observations indicate a potential non-transcriptional role for NAC1 in the brain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04208.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relationship between immunodominance, DM editing, and the kinetic stability of MHC class II:peptide complexes (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 207 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary:  Immunodominance refers to the restricted antigen specificity of T cells detected in the immune response after immunization with complex antigens. Despite the presence of many potential peptide epitopes within these immunogens, the elicited T-cell response apparently focuses on a very limited number of peptides. Over the last two decades, a number of distinct explanations have been put forth to explain this very restricted specificity of T cells, many of which suggest that endosomal antigen processing restricts the array of peptides available to recruit CD4 T cells. In this review, we present evidence from our laboratory that suggest that immunodominance in CD4 T-cell responses is primarily due to an intrinsic property of the peptide:class II complexes. The intrinsic kinetic stability of peptide:class II complexes controls DM editing within the antigen-presenting cells and thus the initial epitope density on priming dendritic cells. Additionally, we hypothesize that peptides that possess high kinetic stability interactions with class II molecules display persistence at the cell surface over time and will more efficiently promote T-cell signaling and differentiation than competing, lower-stability peptides contained within the antigen. We discuss this model in the context of the existing data in the field of immunodominance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00307.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INTEGRATING RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRAINING IN MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPY TRAINING PROGRAMS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of marital and family therapy 31 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-0606
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: The future of the profession and practice of marriage and family therapy (MFT) rests with those who promote the integration of research and clinical practice. The Boulder scientist–practitioner model is useful in conceptualizing MFT training, but it is not the perfect solution. Four MFT programs (two master's and two doctoral) are featured in this article for their work in integrating research and practice. Helpful strategies presented include: Encouraging students to question the therapy process; integrating research in the curriculum and supervision; discussing the positives and negatives of empirically supported treatments; focusing on change; and developing creative classroom experiences to use within the scientist–practitioner model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01544.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa fimL regulates multiple virulence functions by intersecting with Vfr-modulated pathways (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 55 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves the co-ordinate expression of a range of factors including type IV pili (tfp), the type III secretion system (TTSS) and quorum sensing. Tfp are required for twitching motility, efficient biofilm formation, and for adhesion and type III secretion (TTS)-mediated damage to mammalian cells. We describe a novel gene (fimL) that is required for tfp biogenesis and function, for TTS and for normal biofilm development in P. aeruginosa. The predicted product of fimL is homologous to the N-terminal domain of ChpA, except that its putative histidine and threonine phosphotransfer sites have been replaced with glutamine. fimL mutants resemble vfr mutants in many aspects including increased autolysis, reduced levels of surface-assembled tfp and diminished production of type III secreted effectors. Expression of vfr in trans can complement fimL mutants. vfr transcription and production is reduced in fimL mutants whereas cAMP levels are unaffected. Deletion and insertion mutants of fimL frequently revert to wild-type phenotypes suggesting that an extragenic suppressor mutation is able to overcome the loss of fimL. vfr transcription and production, as well as cAMP levels, are elevated in these revertants, while Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) production is reduced. These results suggest that the site(s) of spontaneous mutation is in a gene(s) which lies upstream of vfr transcription, cAMP, production, and PQS synthesis. Our studies indicate that Vfr and FimL are components of intersecting pathways that control twitching motility, TTSS and autolysis in P. aeruginosa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04479.x
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