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  • 2005-2009  (25)
  • 1860-1869  (3)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CROSS-CULTURAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN DYNAMIC STEREOTYPES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Psychology of women quarterly 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-6402
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: This study examined cross-cultural similarities and differences in beliefs about men and women of the past, present, and future. These dynamic stereotypes, or beliefs that a group's present characteristics differ from its past or future characteristics, correspond to the actual role change experienced by the group (Diekman & Eagly, 2000). Participants in Germany and the United States perceived that women were increasing in their masculine characteristics from the past to the future, whereas they perceived comparatively more stability in men's characteristics. The largest cross-cultural difference stemmed from beliefs about 1950s women, who were perceived as possessing greater positive masculine personality, negative feminine personality, and less feminine physical traits in Germany than in the United States. This greater nontraditionalism of postwar German women reflects their assumption of stereotypically male-dominated roles immediately after World War II. Consistent with social role theory, perceived role nontraditionalism mediated the relationship between time period and levels of gender-stereotypic characteristics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00181.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimental and Numerical Study of Rotating Fluidized Beds in a Static Geometry (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 5.2007, 1, A106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Quelle: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The new concept of a rotating fluidized bed in a static geometry was numerically and experimentally studied. The particle bed can be both tangentially and radially fluidized by injecting the fluidization gas tangentially in the static fluidization chamber via multiple gas inlet slots located in its outer cylindrical wall. The tangential fluidization of the particles induces a rotating motion of the particle bed. As a result of the particle bed rotational motion, the solids experience a radially outwards centrifugal force. A radially inwards gas-solid drag force and radial fluidization of the particle bed can be introduced by forcing the fluidization gas to leave the fluidization chamber via a chimney with one or multiple gas outlet slots, positioned at the axis of the fluidization chamber. The solids can be continuously fed and removed in and out of the fluidization chamber via solids inlet and outlet holes in the front or back ends of the fluidization chamber.The fluidization patterns of low-density polymer particles with a large diameter and of high-density salt particles with a small diameter were experimentally studied in a 24-cm diameter, 13.5-cm long non-optimized static fluidization chamber at different solids loadings. Scale-up to a 36-cm diameter fluidization chamber was also studied. With both types of particles, a rotating fluidized bed and an acceptable gas-solid separation was obtained provided that the solids loading was sufficiently high. Slugging and channeling and a non-uniform distribution of the gas over the gas inlet slots to the fluidization chamber may occur at low solids loadings and can be detected via well-chosen pressure measurements. The fluidization patterns observed in the same fluidization chamber were completely different with the polymer particles and with the salt particles. The polymer particles tend to form a dense and uniform bed, its behavior being mainly characterized by tangential fluidization. The salt particles tend to form a less dense, bubbling fluidized bed that is both tangentially and radially fluidized.Computational fluid dynamics simulations give an improved insight in the gas and solid phase flow pattern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijcre/vol5/A106
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Degradation of Methacrylate Copolymers by Thermogravimetric Methods (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 5.2007, 1, A97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Quelle: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The thermal degradation kinetics of a random copolymer of isobutyl methacrylate / lauryl methacrylate, produced by free-radical solution polymerization is investigated over a temperature range of 350 to 750 K, using dynamic thermogravimetric experiments. Heat treatment of the copolymer affects the main polymer backbone and side chains. The thermal degradation of the copolymer proceeds in three distinct steps of weight loss: the first and easiest step is initiated by scissions of head-to-head linkages representing one type of defect in the polymer backbone; the second and more difficult step is initiated by scissions at the vinylidene chain ends; the third and most energetic step is initiated by random scissions within the polymer chain. The time evolution of molecular weight distribution (MWD) is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The most pronounced changes in the trend of the average molecular weight are observed during the transition from each degradation step to the subsequent one. A continuous distribution kinetic model based on a population balance is developed to describe the observed degradation behaviour of the copolymer. This comprehensive model conforms to the special mechanisms for random chain-scission and chain-end depolymerization. The pseudo-kinetic rate parameters for each degradation step are estimated to be respectively equal to 1.1 10-8, 5.6 10-8 and 1.08 10-7 mol g-1 min-1. The average calculated activation energies are respectively 89.2, 116.4 and 134.8 kJ/mol. Global kinetic parameters of degradation are also determined using dynamic thermogravimetric (TGA/DTGA) data. The model-fitting and model-free isoconversional methods are used to retrieve the kinetic parameters of the degradation process. The model-free isoconversional method can satisfactorily describe the dependence of the activation energy on the conversion and is recommended over the model-fitting methods for obtaining the reliable and consistent kinetic parameters of polymer degradation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijcre/vol5/A97
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combining ability of non-adapted sources for male-fertility restoration in Pampa CMS of hybrid rye (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Hybrid rye breeding and seed production relies on the cytoplasmic male sterility-inducing Pampa (P)-Cytoplasm. High levels of restoration were recently found in non-adapted rye accessions from Argentina (Pico Gentario, Pastoreo Massaux) and Iran (IRAN IX). To analyse their relative superiority, five seed-parent lines in P cytoplasm were crossed with five inbred lines of these sources and four adapted restorer lines. The 45 F1 hybrids were tested for male-fertility restoration in three locations. Significant (P = 0.01) general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA respectively) for male-fertility restoration were found. The non-adapted restorer lines were able to restore all seed-parent lines similarly, resulting in hybrids with 55-90% pollen shedding (mean 78%) compared with 2-74% pollen shedding (mean 44%) when adapted restorer lines were used. Significant (P = 0.05) SCA effects were detected in 11 of 45 combinations, nine of them were crosses with adapted pollinator lines. Non-adapted restorer lines showed a high phenotypic stability of male-fertility restoration across locations. Introgression of these exotic sources into the adapted restorer gene pool by repeated backcrossing should result in environmentally stable male fertility in Pampa-based rye hybrids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01038.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Candidate pheromone receptors of the silkmoth Bombyx mori (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Communication via specific chemical signals is vitally important for the reproductive behaviour of many species. The first identified sex-attractant pheromone was bombykol from the silkmoth Bombyx mori. This female-released signalling compound is perceived by the male moth with extreme sensitivity and specificity. Antennal sensory cells supposedly respond to individual bombykol molecules and can efficiently distinguish bombykol from highly related structural analogues like bombykal, a second female-released pheromone component. In the four decades since the discovery of bombykol, the Bombyx mori system has continued to serve as an invaluable model system for unraveling the intricacies of chemical communication. The molecular basis for this extraordinary specific recognition of an extraneous compound is still elusive but probably based on specific receptors of the pheromone-responsive cells. In this study, molecular and bioinformatic approaches were employed to search for candidate pheromone receptors of Bombyx mori. A few receptor types were identified that are related to Heliothis candidate pheromone receptors. They were found to be almost exclusively expressed in male antennae, and double in situ hybridization experiments disclosed a characteristic topographic expression pattern that was reminiscent of pheromone-responsive cells. Furthermore, the receptor-expressing cells were closely associated with cells expressing the pheromone-binding protein. Together, the data support the view that the identified receptor types of Bombyx mori are candidate receptors for pheromone components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04058.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    International comparisons of patients' views on quality of care (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of health care quality assurance 18 (2005), S. 62-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-6862
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Purpose - To compare patients' views on quality of care in different countries using a theory-based instrument, while at the same time controlling for the following potential confounders: type of care system (private vs public), type of care (kind of health problem), gender, age, and subjective wellbeing. Design/methodology/approach - Patients capable of communicating in wards (medical and surgical departments) and day surgery departments in England, France, Norway, and Sweden were recruited consecutively, to participate in a programme run by the health-care company Capio. Ward patients: England (n =1,236), France (n =1,051), Norway (n =226), and Sweden (n =428). Day surgery patients: England (n =887), France (n =544), Norway (n =101), and Sweden (n =742). Average response rate across settings: approximately 75 per cent. Patients evaluated the quality of the care they actually received and the subjective importance they ascribed to different aspects of care. The questionnaire "Quality from the patient's perspective" (QPP) was used (modified short version). Findings - Cross-national comparisons were made within each of the two care contexts (wards and day surgery) separately for men and women. Quality of care evaluations were adjusted for age and subjective wellbeing. English and French patients scored significantly higher than Norwegian and Swedish on both kinds of ratings (perceived reality and subjective importance), in both kinds of care contexts, and in both sexes. Originality/value - Cross-national comparisons of patients' views on care can give meaningful guidance for practitioners only if they are context-specific and if well-known confounders are controlled for.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09526860510576974
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cardiac Resynchronization Induces Favorable Neurohumoral Changes (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aim: The aim of this article is to examine whether cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) induces improvements in the neurohumoral system. Methods and Results: Thirteen patients with HF (left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 〈35%) were included. Before and after 6 months of CRT, myocardial 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) uptake indices, used as an index of neural norepinephrine reuptake and retention, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, used as an index of LV end-diastolic pressure, NYHA classification and echocardiographic indices were assessed. Six months of CRT resulted in significant improvement in (1) NYHA classification and reduction in QRS width (P 〈 0.001), (2) decrease of LV end-diastolic diameter (P = 0.005), LV end-systolic diameter (P = 0.005), septal to lateral delay (P = 0.01) and mitral regurgitation (MR, P = 0.04), (3) delayed 123I-MIBG heart/mediastinum ratios improved (P = 0.03) and 123I-MIBG washout decreased (P = 0.001), and (4) BNP levels decreased (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Parallel to significant functional improvement and echocardiographic reverse remodeling and resynchronization, our data indicate that CRT induces favorable changes in the neurohumoral system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.09508.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Individual Optimization of Pacing Sensors Improves Exercise Capacity without Influencing Quality of Life (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Introduction: Programmable pacemaker sensor features are frequently used in default setting. Limited data are available about the effect of sensor optimization on exercise capacity and quality of life (QOL). Influence of individual optimization of sensors on QOL and exercise tolerance was investigated in a randomized, single blind study in patients with VVIR, DDDR, or AAIR pacemakers., Methods: Patients with ≥75% pacing were randomized to optimized sensor settings (OSS) or default sensor setting (DSS). Standardized optimization was performed using three different exercise tests. QOL questionnaires (QOL-q: Hacettepe, Karolinska, and RAND-36) were used for evaluation of the sensor optimization. One month before and after optimization, exercise capacity using chronotropic assessment exercise protocol and the three QOL-q were assessed. Results: Fifty-four patients (26 male, 28 female) with a mean age of 65 ± 16 years were enrolled in the study. In each group (OSS and DSS) 27 patients were included. One month after sensor optimization, the achieved maximal heart rate (HR) and metabolic workload (METS) were significantly higher in OSS when compared with DSS (124 ± 28 bpm vs 108 ± 20 bpm, P = 0.036; 7.3 ± 4 METS vs 4.9 ± 4 METS, P = 0.045). Highest HR and METS were achieved in patients with pacemakers with accessible sensor algorithms. In patients with automatic slope settings (33%), exercise capacity did not improve after sensor optimization. QOL did not improve in OSS compared with DSS. Conclusion: After 1 month of individual optimization of rate response pacemakers, exercise capacity was improved and maximum HR increased, although QOL remained unchanged. Accessible pacemaker sensor algorithms are mandatory for individual optimization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.09382.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PTC124 targets genetic disorders caused by nonsense mutations (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 447 (2007), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Nonsense mutations promote premature translational termination and cause anywhere from 5–70% of the individual cases of most inherited diseases. Studies on nonsense-mediated cystic fibrosis have indicated that boosting specific protein synthesis from 〈1% to as little as 5% of normal ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05756
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal radiation scanning tunnelling microscopy (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 740-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] In standard near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), a subwavelength probe acts as an optical ‘stethoscope’ to map the near field produced at the sample surface by external illumination. This technique has been applied using visible, infrared, terahertz and gigahertz ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05265
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