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  • 2005-2009  (6)
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Material
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective Oxidation of Manganese and Chromium during Annealing of Low Carbon Strip Steels (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 15-17 (Feb. 2006), p. 762-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Surface graphitization is a well known defect that occurs when low carbon steel strip isbatch annealed. A small addition of chromium (about 0.04 wt %) can be used to minimize thesurface graphitization. However chromium and some other alloy elements, such as manganese usedin this class of steel, have higher affinities for oxygen than iron. Therefore it is possible for them tobe oxidized during batch annealing in a reducing environment to iron. Selective oxidation of thesetwo elements gives rise to a risk of forming different surface defects that may affect the quality ofthe tinned surface. The edge defect is characterized as a region of low reflectivity on the tin plateproduct caused by grain boundary precipitates. A porous tin coating with a dull appearance isproduced in the affected areas. Not only are the aesthetical values of the finished tin plate productaffected but the corrosion resistance is also reduced.In this investigation surface oxides formed at grain boundary of low carbon steels annealed at700°C in 5% hydrogen 95% nitrogen atmosphere were characterized using scanning electronmicroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Two different oxide particles (Fe,Mn)O andMnCr2O4 were observed at the grain boundaries with the former five-fold coarser than the latter. Itwas found at the annealing temperature of 700°C, that the mean particle size of the (Fe,Mn)Odepends on the manganese content, while the mean particle size, and distribution of the MnCr2O4was dependent on chromium, but independent of manganese. The coarse (Fe,Mn)O precipitatespose no potential risks to electrolytic tinning as they will be removed by the pickling operation priorto tinning. Controlling the chromium content of the steel can minimize the potential risks posed bythe MnCr2O4 to the quality of electrolytic tinning
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/39/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.15-17.762.pdf
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supramolecular Chemistry at the Liquid/Solid Interface a Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Approach (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 121-123 (Mar. 2007), p. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: With scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), the intramolecularconformational and intermolecular ordering aspects have been investigated of avariety of organic molecules physisorbed at the liquid-solid interface. By balancingthe interplay between intramolecular and intermolecular interactions (hydrogenbonding), leading to control of the molecular conformation, foldamers were createdwhich order into well-defined two-dimensional crystals. The nature of the hydrogenbonding groups in conjugated oligomers leads to the formation of infinite stacks andcyclic multimers, expressing the chiral nature of the molecules
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/23/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.121-123.369.pdf
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire and flood management of coastal swamp enabled first rice paddy cultivation in east China (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 449 (2007), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The adoption of cereal cultivation was one of the most important cultural processes in history, marking the transition from hunting and gathering by Mesolithic foragers to the food-producing economy of Neolithic farmers. In the Lower Yangtze region of China, a centre of rice domestication, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06135
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA Vaccination Using Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-DNA as an Adjuvant to Enhance Immune Response to Three Kinds of Swine Diseases (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 62 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to enhance the immune efficacy of DNA vaccination, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-DNA as an adjuvant on immune responses of mice against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Aujeszky's disease (AjD) and classical swine fever (CSF). BCG-DNA was purified from BCG by ion-exchange chromatography. Three DNA vaccines (pVSG, pVgD and pVE2) against the respective infection were constructed, and BCG-DNA was coimmunized to mice by muscle injection. The results showed that titres of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G to the vaccines mounted remarkably in the sera of the adjuvant covaccinated mice (P 〈 0.01). Antibody isotype IgG2a and IgG1 also increased, respectively, in mice coimmunized with BCG-DNA compared with those of the control groups (P 〈 0.01). Cellular immune cytokine interferon-γ and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected in coimmunized BCG-DNA groups (P 〈 0.05). Whereas interleukin-4, humoral immune cytokine, was not significant (P 〉 0.05). These results suggest that codelivery of BCG-DNA with DNA vaccines against FMD, AjD and CSF can enhance the induction of antigen-specific, especially, cell-mediated immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01674.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening plants for salt tolerance by measuring K+ flux: a case study for barley (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Development of salt-tolerant genotypes is central both to remediation of salinity-affected land and to meet increasing global food demand, which has been driving expansion of cropping into marginal areas. The bottleneck of any breeding programme is the lack of a reliable screening technique. This study tested the hypothesis that the ability of plants to retain K+ under saline conditions is central to their salt tolerance. Using seven barley cultivars contrasting in salt tolerance (CM72, Numar, ZUG293, ZUG95, Franklin, Gairdner, ZUG403), a comprehensive study was undertaken of whole-plant (growth rate, biomass, net CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence, root and leaf elemental and water content) and cellular (net fluxes of H+, K+, Na+ and Ca2+) responses to various concentrations of NaCl (20–320 m m). Na+ selective microelectrodes were found to be unsuitable for screening purposes because of non-ideal selectivity of the commercially available Na+ LIX. At the same time, our results show very strong negative correlation between the magnitude of K+ efflux from the root and salt tolerance of a particular cultivar. K+ efflux from the mature root zone of intact 3-day-old seedlings following 40 min pretreatment with 80 m m NaCl was found to be a reliable screening indicator for salinity tolerance in barley. As a faster and more cost-effective alternative to microelectrode measurements, a procedure was developed enabling rapid screening of large numbers of seedlings, based on amount of K+ leaked from plant roots after exposure to NaCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01364.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors towards Pencil Scratch Resistance of Protective Sol-Gel Coatings on Polycarbonate Substrate (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 312 (June 2006), p. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Sol-gel coatings with different amount of colloidal silica were prepared on polycarbonate substrate. The scratch resistance was measured by the pencil hardness test based on ASTM Standard D3363-00. The indentation hardness, elasticity modulus and fracture toughness of the coatings were also characterized and correlated to the observed pencil hardness. The scratch failurewas found to be due to film cracking at the trailing end. Based on such an observation, the current analysis points out that the main factors towards scratch resistance are elasticity modulus, thickness and fracture toughness of the film
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/51/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.312.339.pdf
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