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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of findings at defecography in patients with genital prolapse (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 112 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective  Defecography may be useful in pre-operative assessment of patients with genital prolapse. Defecography is an invasive and embarrassing procedure for patients and little effort has been made to optimalise selection criteria for defecography. This study investigated whether discrimination of high and low probability of abnormal defecography is possible based on the quantified findings from patient history, pelvic examination and a validated questionnaire.Design  Prospective observational study.Setting  Three teaching hospitals in The Netherlands.Population  Eighty-two patients undergoing surgical correction of uterine prolapse Stages 2–4.Methods  A history and pelvic examination were obtained from all patients. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the presence of defecation and micturition symptoms. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses with receiver operating characteristic curves, a diagnostic model to predict the presence of an abnormal defecography was systematically constructed and validated.Main outcome measure  Presence of abnormal finding at defecography.Results  The most important predictors for abnormal defecography were prolapse of the posterior vaginal wall, history of abdominal or pelvic surgery and the presence of constipation. With these variables, a prediction rule could be constructed which predicted the prevalence of an abnormal defecography (area under curve = 0.73; 95% CI 0.61–0.83).Conclusions  This study shows that a diagnostic model based on findings obtained from a non-invasive workup can accurately predict the presence of an abnormal defecography. Such a model provides the possibility to tailor the request for defecography to the individual patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00734.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LARGE-SCALE GENOMIC APPROACHES TO BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND CIRCUITRY (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 28 (2005), S. 89-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Over the past two decades, molecular genetic studies have enabled a common conceptual framework for the development and basic function of the nervous system. These studies, and the pioneering efforts of mouse geneticists and neuroscientists to identify and clone genes for spontaneous mouse mutants, have provided a paradigm for understanding complex processes of the vertebrate brain. Gene cloning for human brain malformations and degenerative disorders identified other important central nervous system (CNS) genes. However, because many debilitating human disorders are genetically complex, phenotypic screens are difficult to design. This difficulty has led to large-scale, genomic approaches to discover genes that are uniquely expressed in brain circuits and regions that control complex behaviors. In this review, we summarize current phenotype- and genotype-driven approaches to discover novel CNS-expressed genes, as well as current approaches to carry out large-scale, gene-expression screens in the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131436
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene clusters involved in anaerobic benzoate degradation of Geobacter metallireducens (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The degradation of aromatic compounds follows different biochemical principles in aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. While aerobes dearomatize and cleave the aromatic ring by oxygenases, facultative anaerobes utilize an ATP-dependent ring reductase for the dearomatization of the activated key intermediate benzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA). In this work, the aromatic metabolism was studied in the obligately anaerobic model organism Geobacter metallireducens. The gene coding for a putative carboxylic acid-CoA ligase was heterologously overexpressed and the gene product was characterized as a highly specific benzoate-CoA ligase catalysing the initial step of benzoate metabolism. However, no evidence for the presence of an ATP-dependent benzoyl-CoA reductase as observed in facultative anaerobes was obtained. In a proteomic approach benzoate-induced proteins were identified; the corresponding genes are organized in two clusters comprising 44 genes. Induction of representative genes during growth on benzoate was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained suggest that benzoate is activated to benzoyl-CoA, which is then reductively dearomatized to cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA, followed by β-oxidation reactions to acetyl-CoA units, as in facultatively anaerobic bacteria. However, in G. metallireducens the process of reductive benzene ring dearomatization appears to be catalysed by a set of completely different protein components comprising putative molybdenum and selenocysteine containing enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04909.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple selection strategy for evolving highly efficient enzymes (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 25 (2007), S. 1145-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Combining tunable transcription with an enzyme-degradation tag affords an effective means to reduce intracellular enzyme concentrations from high to very low levels. Such fine-tuned control allows selection pressure to be systematically increased in directed-evolution experiments. This facilitates ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1341
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo Prediction of Non-Newtonian Viscous Sintering: Experimental Validation for the Two-Glass-Cylinder System (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: From the Monte Carlo methodology based on a non-discrete potential and developed to model capillary-driven mass transport, a relation between the Monte Carlo step and the physical time has been defined as a function of the viscosity coefficient. The experimental kinetics of the shortening of a unique glass cylinder and the sintering of two-glass cylinders at 950°C then have been compared with the numerically obtained results. The original result indicates that the active sintering mechanism for a glass under the given sintering conditions is not Newtonian viscous flow alone, a finding that corresponds perfectly well with the Monte Carlo simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00413.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroless Coating Process of Carbon Nano Fibers by Copper Metal (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 534-536 (Jan. 2007), p. 1445-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study of the different stages of the electroless deposition of copper on carbon nanofibers activated firstly by a chemical treatment of the carbon nano fiber and secondly by a two-stepmethod has been performed from both a chemical and a morphological point of view. Thecombination of XPS measurements and scanning electron microscopy imaging has allowedoptimizing the 2 different stage conditions. On a first hand, the different oxide concentration andtreatment time of the carbon nano fibers and on a second hand the different conditions of thesensibilisation (Sn bath), activation (Pd bath) and coating (Cu bath) have ben studied. The controlof the homogeneity and thickness of copper thin films on carbon nano fiber can be obtained andfurther more sintered in order to obtain fully dense materials
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/14/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.534-536.1445.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sintering of High K LTCC Compatible Dielectrics (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 534-536 (Jan. 2007), p. 1501-1504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study deals with the co-sintering of copper oxide added ANT with alumina tapesand silver ink. AgNb1/2Ta1/2O3 (refered ANT 22) was synthesized using niobium oxide with fineand large grain size to examine the effect of the granulometry on the tape casting. The resultingmultilayers were co-fired between 850 and 900°C. Phase identification was investigated by XRD.Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy was performed to study the interdiffusion between the layers.Permittivity and dielectric losses were measured at 50 kHz for both tape cast samples and bullkmaterial. No interdiffusion was observed between ANT/silver and ANT/alumina and this is a verypromising result for LTCC applications
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/14/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.534-536.1501.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Alumina Scales on FeCrAl: Characterization and Growth Mechanism (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 595-598 (Sept. 2008), p. 915-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High temperature oxidation resistance of alumina-forming materials is connected to thegrowth of dense, stable and protective alumina scales. Depending on temperature, impuritiespresent in the base alloys, presence of water vapour in the oxidizing atmosphere, the alumina scalesare composed of alpha-alumina (which is the stable phase obtained for temperatures over 1000°C)or of transient alumina (γ,θ,δ obtained for lower temperatures). It is generally considered that γ-Al2O3 grows when T〈850°C, that θ-Al2O3 is present for 850°C〈T〈1000°C and that α-Al2O3 isstable when T exceeds 1000°C.The exact role played by transient alumina formation and/or transformation on the high temperatureperformances of alumina-forming materials is not exactly defined. Many works proposed thattransient alumina phases grew during the first steps of the oxidation process and transformed intothe stable phase after further oxidation. The transformation of transient phases in the stable alphaphaseis generally accompanied by a volume contraction of around 14 %.In order to get better oxidation resistance, the formation of transient alumina is not wished, because:1) their growth rate is generally higher than that of alpha-alumina with, as a consequence, a huge Alconsumption, detrimental for the material resistance after long exposures, 2) the change in volumeduring the transformation of transient phases into alpha-alumina can generate stresses in the oxidescale and can weaken its adherence to the underlying substrate, leading to massive spallation.The present study deals with the coupling of different characterization tools in order to preciselyidentify the transient phases grown on FeCrAl materials. The use of scanning electron microscope(SEM-FEG), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Photoluminscescence Spectroscopy(PLS),X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and X-ray diffraction at different glancing angles (XRD)on model materials oxidized at two temperatures (850 and 1100°C) could help the identification oftransient phases. These techniques gave a better understanding of the alumina scale growthmechanism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.595-598.915.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Zr in the High-Temperature Oxidation of Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉Al (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 595-598 (Sept. 2008), p. 1103-1110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper describes an examination of the effect of the addition of zirconium as a thirdelement on the heat-resisting properties and explains the high temperature oxidation mechanism ofFe3Al intermetallic compounds. The Fe3Al and Fe3Al-0,05Zr specimens have been isothermallyoxidized in the temperature range of 1173-1473 K in synthetic air for 100 hrs. The formed oxide layer,about 1,5-2 μm thick, was Al2O3. An examination of the cross-sectioned scales by SEM-EDS showedthat the alumina layer consisted of a small inner columnar layer and an outer equiaxed grain layer.Additionally, very fine (50-150 nm) oxide grains rich in Zr, further identified as ZrO2, were foundacross the alumina scales. To understand the role of Zr on the growth mechanism of α–Al2O3 oxidescale on Fe3Al materials, two-stage oxidation experiments were performed (16O2/18O2), followed bySIMS and TEM-SAD observations. Particular attention was paid to the use of TEM in order toprecisely characterize the products on samples prepared using the FIB (Focused Ion Beam) method. Acombination of analytical techniques revealed that ZrO2 particles, most of which were formed alongalumina grain boundaries, enhanced oxygen diffusion along grain boundaries due to oxygen-deficientcomposition of zirconium oxide (ZrO2-y)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.595-598.1103.pdf
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