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  • 2005-2009  (9)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 24-25 (Sept. 2007), p. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fundamental experiment of the grinding of the stainless steel using the metal bondedCBN wheel which was excellent in wear resistance was conducted. The most appropriate grindingconditions were obtained by clarifying wear process of grinding wheel and finished ground surfacequality. When grinding was carried out up to stock removal 7000mm3/mm, radial wear of grindingwheel %R is 3μm and surface roughness Rz was 0.5μm or less. The grinding ratio Gr becomesabout 3000, and long life grinding with little change of surface roughness was possible
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 24-25 (Sept. 2007), p. 171-176 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study, the influences of carbides and alloy additives on ground surfacecharacteristics of several high Chromium (Cr) steels and abrasive grains of working surface werediscussed. In the grinding using metal bonded CBN wheel, almost constant values in groundsurface roughness and high grinding ratio were shown. 5% Cr steel with Vanadium, 8% Cr steeland 10% Cr steel showed a rougher surface than Cr steels with 3%, 4% and 5% due to the carbideinclusion. The grinding ratio of 5%Cr steel could be raised considerably by adding sulfur to it
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Co-Fe-B/MgO/Co-Fe-B magnetic tunnel junctions were fabricated using UHV magnetronsputtering. Magnetoresistance and spin-transfer switching properties were investigated as a functionof Co-Fe-B free layer thickness, between 1.5 nm and 3 nm. The intrinsic switching current andthe thermal stability were derived from the pulse duration dependence of the switching current,analyzed based on the thermally activated switching model. Both switching currents, correspondingto parallel (P) to antiparallel (AP) (Ic0+) and AP to P (Ic0–) magnetization reversal, were foundto be roughly proportional to the free layer thickness. The averaged intrinsic switching currentdensity Jc0av = (Ic0+–Ic0–)/(2A) (where A is the cell area) was in the range of 1–2×107 A/cm2. Theexperimental values of Jc0±agreed with theoretical values, determined taking into account the spintransferefficiency for the case of magnetic tunnel junction. The thermal stability of the P and APstates was different, but roughly proportional to the free layer thickness in both cases. We attributethis difference to a disparity in the net magnetic field acting on the free layer magnetization in the Pand AP states. The average of the thermal stability in the two states varied from 30 to 60 when thefree layer thickness was increased. According to our findings, to guarantee the non-volatility of anMRAM device for about 10 years, the Co-Fe-B free layer should be thicker than 2 nm
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 24-25 (Sept. 2007), p. 65-70 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High density and isotropic poreless structure of Glass-like-carbon makes it practicallyused for fuel cells of space-shuttles and hard disk substrate etc. Glass-like-carbon is one of the newmaterials which attract attention, but it is so hard and brittle that precise machining of this materialis difficult. Surface grinding and slicing were performed to collect the fundamental data of precisemachining. The main results obtained in this study are as follows. (1) The transition from brittlemode to ductile mode in surface grinding occurs at a grain mesh size between #5000 and #3000.(2) The maximum grain depth of cut ‘dg’ necessary for ductile mode grinding is 0.021-0.006 mm orless. (3) When it is being sliced, the kerf width of the #1000 grinding wheel becomes wider thanthat of the #2000 grinding wheel because of the fact that the material removal capability of the#1000 grinding wheel is bigger than that of the #2000 grinding wheel. (4) It is extremely effectiveto use the fine grinding wheel, since the Young's modulus of glass-like-carbon is considerably lowand eventually causes compression transformation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Three-dimensional zinc mapping based on X-ray K-edge scanning has been performed.By microtomographies with energies above and below the K-absorption edges of the elements, theconcentration distribution of the elements is evaluated during in-situ experiments, respectively. It isfound that the Zn concentration distribution during the heat treatment was changed inside the cellwall of the aluminum foams and it has been homogenized. Also several precipitated phasetransformation can be three-dimensionally visualized by the CT-method tuning X-ray energies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to develop rapid and accurate procedures to identify microorganisms contaminating cosmetic products, based on the identity of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA coding DNA (rDNA). Five types of microorganisms were isolated from the inner portion of lotion bottle caps, skin care lotions, and cleansing gels. The rDNA ITS region of microorganisms was amplified through the use of colony-direct PCR or ordinal PCR using DNA extracts as templates. The nucleotide sequences of the amplified DNA were determined and subjected to homology search of a publicly available DNA database. Thereby, we obtained DNA sequences possessing high similarity with the query sequences from the databases of all the five organisms analyzed. The traditional identification procedure requires expert skills, and a time period of approximately 1 month to identify the microorganisms. On the contrary, 3–7 days were sufficient to complete all the procedures employed in the current method, including isolation and cultivation of organisms, DNA sequencing, and the database homology search. Moreover, it was possible to develop the skills necessary to perform the molecular techniques required for the identification procedures within 1 week. Consequently, the current method is useful for rapid and accurate identification of microorganisms, contaminating cosmetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There is currently much interest in the development of ‘spintronic’ devices, in which harnessing the spins of electrons (rather than just their charges) is anticipated to provide new functionalities that go beyond those possible with conventional electronic devices. One widely ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Dapsone (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulphone) is a powerful therapeutic tool in many skin diseases including neutrophilic dermatoses. The drug has an outstanding therapeutic efficacy against many skin diseases characterized by neutrophil-rich infiltrates; however, mechanisms of its action are poorly understood.Objectives  We investigated the effects of dapsone on respiratory and secretory functions of human neutrophils triggered by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), the physiological agonist C5a, and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).Methods  Human neutrophils were isolated from venous blood obtained from healthy donors. We detected extracellular production of superoxide (O2–) by cytochrome C reduction assay, and intracellular production of O2– by flow cytometry. Neutrophil elastase release was measured by the cleavage of the specific elastase substrate N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide. Measurement of cytosolic free calcium concentration was performed using the calcium-reactive fluorescence probe, Fluo-3.Results  Dapsone suppressed intra- and extracellular production of O2– and elastase release triggered by fMLP and C5a, but not by PMA. Both fMLP and C5a signalled the above pathways by inducing calcium influx, but PMA functions bypassed calcium influx. Dapsone was capable of antagonizing the induction of calcium influx.Conclusions  These findings suggest that one mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of dapsone is inhibition of calcium-dependent functions of neutrophils including release of tissue-damaging oxidants and proteases in the affected skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 317-318 (Aug. 2006), p. 11-14 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Master Sintering Curve (MSC) is quite useful for analyzing the shrinkage behavior ofceramics. It is possible to compare shrinkage behavior using MSCs that are obtained from different firingprofiles. In this study, shrinkage behavior during sintering of green bodies of several kinds of Al2O3based ceramics were evaluated, using an electric furnace equipped with a dilatometer to be controlledbased on the MSC theory. Although all of the samples shrank monotonically, shrinkage behaviordepended on the additive and heating rate. The MSC theory was applied to analyze shrinkage behavior.As a result, a different MSC could be obtained in Al2O3 with and without the addition of MgO. In thepure Al2O3, a single MSC could be obtained from shrinkage curves by firing at a heating rate of7.5-20oC/min, though the shrinkage curve at a heating rate of 3-5oC/min did not correspond with theMSC. In contrast, shrinkage curves at heating rate of 5-20oC/min were converged in the case of the MgOdoped Al2O3 to obtain a unique MSC independent of firing profile. Apparent activation energy forsintering was estimated as 555 kJ/mol in the pure Al2O3 and 880 kJ/mol in the MgO doped Al2O3. Thefiring profile to obtain a requested sintering shrinkage curve was predicted from the resultant MSC. Acomparison between the predicted and the experimental shrinkage curves, showed good consistency,thus confirming that it is possible to control shrinkage behavior using the MSC
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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