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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional imaging of a silicon flip chip using the two-photon optical-beam induced current effect (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe two- and three-dimensional imaging of a flip-chip silicon integrated circuit using backside optical probing and femtosecond two-photon excitation at a laser wavelength of 1.275 μm. Using a ×50 microscope objective, we typically achieved micron resolutions or better in both lateral and axial directions. Using axial scanning and a peak-detection algorithm we have demonstrated optical depth profiling across components on the chip. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491301
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VARIABILITY IN THE DIET OF HARBOR PORPOISES (PHOCOENA PHOCOENA) IN SCOTTISH WATERS 1992–2003 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Interannual, seasonal, and regional variation in the diet of porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in Scottish (UK) waters was studied using stomach contents of animals stranded between 1992 and 2003. Most samples came from the east coast (including many porpoises killed by bottlenose dolphins), with smaller numbers from the west coast and from Shetland. The most important prey types, in terms of contribution by number and mass, were whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and sand eels (Ammodytidae). Multivariate analysis confirmed the existence of regional, seasonal, and interannual variation in diet, as well as differences (i. e., biases) related to cause of death. These differences were further explored using univariate analyses. Sand eels were more important in the summer months (quarters 2 and 3) and on the east coast, whereas gadids were more important in winter and in the Shetland area. Some, but not all, observed trends in the numerical importance and size of prey taken were consistent with trends in abundance and size of fish taken during research trawl surveys. There was some evidence that porpoises 〈1 yr old took more gobies (Gobiidae) and shrimps than did older porpoises. Clupeids (herring Clupea harengus and sprat Sprattus sprattus) formed a relatively small proportion of the diet, but their importance varied from year to year. Although possible methodological biases prevent firm conclusions, it appears that the importance of clupeids in porpoise diet may have decreased since the 1960s, mirroring the decline in North Sea herring abundance. The recovery of the North Sea herring stock in recent years is not as yet reflected in porpoise diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01138.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR-BASED DIAGNOSTICS IN MEETING CROP BIOSECURITY AND PHYTOSANITARY ISSUES* (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 41 (2003), S. 305-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Notes: Awareness of crop biosecurity and phytosanitation has been heightened since 9/11 and the unresolved anthrax releases in October 2001. Crops are highly vulnerable to accidental or deliberate introductions of crop pathogens from outside U.S. borders. Strategic thinking about protection against deliberate or accidental release of a plant pathogen is an urgent priority. Rapid detection will be the key to success. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of rapid real-time PCR protocols and evaluates their effectiveness in a proposed nationwide network of diagnostic laboratories that will facilitate rapid diagnostics and improved communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095435
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-relationships between airway inflammation, reticular basement membrane thickening and bronchial hyper-reactivity to methacholine in asthma; a systematic bronchoalveolar lavage and airway biopsy analysis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Asthma is accepted as a disease characterized by airway inflammation, with evidence that airway structural changes, or ‘remodelling’ occurs. There are few studies relating airway physiology, inflammation and remodelling, however. We have carried out a study of inter-relationships between airway inflammation, airway remodelling, reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening, and bronchial hyper-reactivity (BHR), before and after high-dose inhaled corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate 750 μg b.d.), in a group of relatively mild but symptomatic, steroid naïve asthma patients.Methods Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in 35 asthmatics, with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and airway endobronchial biopsy (EBB) for inflammatory cell profiles and EBB for airway remodelling carried out at baseline, 3 and 12 months.Results At baseline RBM thickening was related to BAL mast cells and EBB eosinophil counts. In turn baseline log EBB EG2 eosinophil count, log%BAL epithelial cells and log RBM thickness explained 55% of the variability in BHR.Conclusion We provide new information that airway inflammation, remodelling, and BHR in asthma are inter-related and improved by ICS therapy. Our data potentially support the need for early and long-term intervention with ICS even in relatively mild asthmatics, and the need to further assess the potential merit of longitudinal BHR testing in management of some patients, as this may reflect both airway inflammation and remodelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02365.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of parasite and genetic markers in delineating populations of winter flounder from the central and south-west Scotian Shelf and north-east Gulf of Maine (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 66 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Discriminant function analyses of infection parameters of parasitic helminths revealed that abundances of seven helminth species contributed significantly to the delineation of four host populations of winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus from the central and south-west Scotian Shelf and the north-east Gulf of Maine (NAFO subdivision 4WX-5Z). These were adult digeneans, Derogenes varicus, Genolinea laticauda, Steganoderma formosum and Steringophorus furciger, metacercariae of the digenean, Stephanostomum baccatum, and larval nematodes, Anisakis simplex and Hysterothylacium aduncum. The correct classification rate was 84% overall, with Georges Bank (5Z) and Sable Island Bank (4W) winter flounder being the most accurately classified samples at 98 and 88%, respectively. Winter flounder from south-west Nova Scotia (4X), an inshore sample from St Marys Bay and offshore fish from Browns Bank, had the lowest rates of correct classification (76 and 71%, respectively) due, primarily, to cross-misclassification between the two samples. Winter pairwise comparisons of four microsatellite markers identified significant genetic differences between all populations sampled with the Georges Bank population being the most genetically distinct overall, and St Marys Bay and Browns Bank fish being the least dissimilar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00659.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microsatellite analysis indicates an absence of population structure among Hippoglossus hippoglossus in the north-west Atlantic (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To explore the population structure of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, 160 fish from four locations in the north-west Atlantic (Bay of Fundy, Scotian Shelf, Gulf of St Lawrence and Iceland) were examined for evidence of population structure using 18 microsatellite markers. Pair-wise FST and a model-based cluster analysis revealed no significant differentiation between samples, although uncertainties surrounding Atlantic halibut reproductive behaviour made it difficult to ascertain that only a single breeding population had been sampled at each location
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00733.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refeeding syndrome: effective and safe treatment with Phosphates Polyfusor (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Severe hypophosphataemia associated with refeeding syndrome requires treatment with intravenous phosphate to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. However, evidence for replacement regimens is limited and current regimens are complex and replace phosphate inadequately.Aim:  To assess the effectiveness and safety of 50 mmol intravenous phosphate infusion, given as a ‘Phosphates Polyfusor’, for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia in refeeding syndrome.Methods:  Patients with refeeding syndrome and normal renal function received a Phosphates Polyfusor infusion for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia (〈 0.50 mmol/L). The outcome measures were serial serum phosphate, creatinine and calcium concentrations for 4 days following phosphate infusion and adverse events.Results:  Over 2 years, 30 patients were treated. Following treatment, 37% of cases had a normal serum phosphate concentration and 73% had a serum phosphate concentration of 〉 0.5 mmol/L within 24 h. Ten patients required more than one Phosphates Polyfusor infusion. Within 72 h, 93% of cases had achieved a serum phosphate concentration of ≥ 0.50 mmol/L. No patient developed renal failure. Three episodes of transient mild hyperphosphataemia were recorded. Four patients developed mild hypocalcaemia.Conclusions:  This is the largest published series of the use of intravenous phosphate for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia (〈 0.50 mmol/L), and is the most effective regimen described. All patients had refeeding syndrome and were managed on general wards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01567.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility to Osteoporotic Fracture is Determined by Allelic Variation at the Sp1 Site, Rather than Other Polymorphic Sites at the COL1A1 Locus (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 338-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:COL1A1 – Collagen – Fracture – Genetic – Osteoporosis – Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Previous studies have identified an association between osteoporotic fracture and a polymorphism affecting a Sp1 binding site in the first intron of the collagen type I alpha 1 gene (COL1A1). It is currently unclear, however, whether this association is direct or the result of linkage disequilibrium with other polymorphisms situated nearby. In this study we analyzed the relationship between four well-characterized single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the COL1A1 locus and osteoporotic fracture in 93 patients with vertebral fracture and 88 age-matched controls randomly selected from the community. We studied a Msp I polymorphism 26 kb upstream of the COLIA1 gene, the Sp1 binding site polymorphism in intron 1, a Rsa I polymorphism in intron 5 and a Mnl I polymorphism in exon 52. The Sp1 and Rsa I polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium (χ2=77.87, p〈0.001) and weaker linkage disequilibrium was detected between the Sp1 and Mnl I polymorphisms (χ2=5.54, p〈0.025). There was a significant association between COL1A1 haplotypes that included the Sp1 and Rsa I polymorphisms and fracture (p〈0.05–0.001), but no association with haplotypes that included only the Msp I and Mnl I polymorphisms. This association with fracture was strongest when haplotypes were grouped by Sp1 alleles (χ2=11.15, d.f. = 1; p= 0.001). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed that of all the polymorphisms tested, only the Sp1 binding site polymorphism acted as an independent predictor of fracture: odds ratio [95% CI] = 2.26 [1.09–4.69]. These data suggest that it is the Sp1 polymorphism rather than other polymorphisms at the COL1A1 locus which act as a marker for osteoporotic fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980070123
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Risedronate Treatment on Bone Density and Vertebral Fracture in Patients on Corticosteroid Therapy (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 277-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Corticosteroid — Risedronate — Calcium — Vitamin D — BMD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Men and women (n = 518) receiving moderate-to-high doses of corticosteroids were enrolled in two studies with similar protocols and randomly assigned to receive either placebo or risedronate (2.5 or 5 mg) for 1 year. All patients received daily calcium supplementation (500–1000 mg), and most also received supplemental vitamin D (400 IU). The primary endpoint was the difference between the placebo and active groups in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) at 1 year; changes in BMD at other sites, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and the incidence of vertebral fractures were also assessed. In the overall population, the mean (SE) lumbar spine BMD increased 1.9 ± 0.38% from baseline in the risedronate 5 mg group (P 〈 0.001) and decreased 1.0 ± 0.4% in the placebo group (P= 0.005). BMD at the femoral neck, trochanter, and distal radius increased or was maintained with risedronate 5 mg treatment, but decreased in the placebo group. Midshaft radius BMD did not change significantly in either treatment group. The difference in BMD between the risedronate 5 mg and placebo groups was significant at all skeletal sites (P 〈 0.05) except the midshaft radius at 1 year. The 2.5 mg dose also had a positive effect on BMD, although of a lesser magnitude than that seen with risedronate 5 mg. A significant reduction of 70% in vertebral fracture risk was observed in the risedronate 5 mg group compared with the placebo group (P= 0.01). Risedronate was efficacious in both men and women, irrespective of underlying disease and duration of corticosteroid therapy, and had a favorable safety profile, with a similar incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse events in the placebo and active treatment groups. Daily treatment with risedronate 5 mg significantly increases BMD and decreases vertebral fracture risk in patients receiving moderate-to-high doses of corticosteroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001146
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association of potassic trachytes and carbonatites at the Dicker Willem Complex, southwest Namibia: coexisting, immiscible, but not cogenetic magmas (2000)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 139 (2000), S. 570-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The only significant silicate intrusive rock type in the Dicker Willem carbonatite complex is trachyte, forming, in places, an anastomosing array of minor intrusions cutting basement gneiss close to the carbonatite contact. Bodies are predominantly composite breccias, composed of trachyte clasts, commonly in the form of ellipsoidal pellets, enclosed within, and sharply delineated from, a matrix of carbonatite. Despite close temporal and spatial relationships to carbonatite magmatism, the ultrapotassic, quartz-normative composition and isotope systematics of the trachytes preclude any genetic derivation from the carbonatitic and ijolitic rocks of the central complex. Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios of trachytes strongly resemble those of the highest grade, potassic fenites, whose metasomatic trend converges from the unaltered basement gneiss towards the homogeneous signature of the nepheline sövite–sövite–ijolite suite. Trachytes are interpreted as forming by melting of a cupola of high-grade fenite in response to the advective heat flux from rising carbonatite magma or fluid. Mixed carbonatite and trachyte were emplaced in a fluidised system as contemporaneous, but genetically unrelated, immiscible magmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100000157
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