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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 733 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 418 (1991), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: ATP ; Electrical stimulation ; Force ; Phosphate ; Phosphocreatine ; Relaxation ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Force and relaxation were measured during electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle of 14 volunteers. Stimulation produced 51.2 s of intermittent ischaemic contractions either as 16 3.2-s tetani or as 64 0.8-s tetani. Changes during recovery were followed for 180 s. On 8 subjects muscle biopsies were taken during work and after the rest period for determination of ATP, phosphocreatine and intermediates in glucolysis. The stimulation using 0.8-s contractions gave more pronounced fatigue and slowing of relaxation. There was a good correlation between force and relaxation during work but this relation changed during recovery, indicating that no general relation exists between these two contraction characteristics. In the 0.8-s stimulation more ATP was utilized and there were more profound changes in metabolite levels. We found a correlation between estimated [H2PO 4 − ] and relaxation covering both work and recovery and hypothesize that inorganic phosphate and its removal by phosphocreatine resynthesis during recovery might be important. Since stimulation patterns differ in force and relaxation even after the recovery period we suggest that additional factors, such as pH, are of importance in this work model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 417 (1990), S. 136-141 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Electrical stimulation ; Fatigue ; Force ; Frequency ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Percutaneous electrical stimulation was used to study the force response of the quadriceps muscle. The normal frequency dependence of force was investigated in muscles at rest and after fatiguing contractions. A comparison between force response during fatigue induced by electrical stimulation at different frequencies and by voluntary work suggested equal changes in contractility, irrespective of the fatigue-inducing procedure. In fresh muscle we found a linear relation between stimulation period (10–100 ms) and force. At fatigue the relation changes with maximal deviation from linearity at a 50-ms period (20 Hz). There is a rapid recovery of high frequency force whereas the low frequency response remains low even after 30 min rest. At very low frequencies there is initially unexpectedly high force in fatigued muscle. This could be a result of increased fusion of twitches with initially prolonged relaxation time. To study the twitch summation we compared experimental results in a wide frequency range with computer-simulated twitch summations and present the frequency dependence of summation processes in human quadriceps muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions – 27.70.+q 150 ?A? 189
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. High-spin properties of the nucleus 169Hf have been studied through the fusion evaporation reaction 96Zr(76Ge,3n)169Hf at a beam energy of 310 MeV. The known rotational bands have been extended considerably and 6 new bands have been established, four of which form coupled bands with pronounced M1 connections. Quasiparticle assignments are suggested for the new band structures, and it appears that coupling to vibrational degrees of freedom plays a role. Both coupled bands involve the excitation of quasiprotons. In the region of highest spin, a large alignment gain is interpreted in terms of a mixed crossing where an h 9/2 and an h 11/2 quasiproton provide the two signatures of the aligning configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.−K ; 21.60.−n ; 25.70.−z ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The strongly shape driving πh9/2[541]l/2− configuration with α=+1/2 exhibits some anomalous, and so far unexplained, features concerning the crossing frequency, ħωc, the aligned angular momentum, ix, and interaction strength, at the alignment of the first pair of i13/2 quasineutrons in several odd-Z rare earth-nuclei. The h9/2[541]1/2− and h11/2[523]7/2− bands have been studied in the stably deformed rare-earth nucleus163Tm to investigate these features. A difference in band crossing frequency of ∼ 80 keV between the two bands is found. Rotational bands built on these two configurations have been found to cross in the spin range I=25/2–29/2 ħ. Theγ-decay pattern between the two bands is established in the crossing region and analysed in terms of a moderate shape difference between them. A theoretical estimate of the size of the interaction strength between the two bands is presented and compared to the experimental value. The observed band structure in163Tm is very similar to that of167Lu which has 2 protons and 2 neutrons in addition. This observation is discussed in relation to the similarity of the yrast bands of the two even-even “core” nuclei162Er and166Yb, for which theγ-transition energies are identical within ∼0.2 keV below the vi13/2 crossing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions – 27.70.+q 150≤A≤189
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The nucleus 166Hf has been populated by the reaction 96Zr(74Ge,4n) using a beam energy of 310 MeV. -rays were detected with the EUROBALL III detector array. Fourteen new normal-deformed rotational bands, of which six form coupled pairs, have been observed in 166Hf. Four previously known bands have been extended to considerably higher spin, and configurations of the new bands are proposed. Two different bands have been assigned configurations involving the same orbitals at high spin. The two coupling schemes, deformation and rotation alignment, are discussed in connection with this new observation, which calls for a formulation of co-existing coupling schemes in six-quasiparticle structures involving the same orbitals at high spin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Meningioma 11C-L-methionine Positron emission tomography Stereotactic irradiation Proton beam therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A remnant meningioma of WHO grade I that is located at the base of the skull and is treated with radiotherapy has to be followed up for at least 5–10 years to evaluate the treatment effect and detect recurrence. The tumour has to grow considerably to show detectable volume increase on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Owing to the location at the base of the skull, a small increase in tumour volume may be hazardous. It is thus important to find a method to evaluate treatment effects earlier and potentially detect those tumours that have a tendency to grow. Nineteen patients with intracranial meningiomas were given irradiation with the 180-MeV proton beam at the Svedberg Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden. The fractionation schedule used was in general a total dose of 24 Gy in four consecutive daily 6-Gy fractions. Serial 11C-L-methionine PET examinations were used to evaluate the effect of stereotactic proton beam treatment. The radioactivity uptake in the tumour was evaluated as the ratio to the uptake in normal brain tissue. The follow-up period thus far is 36 months. In 15 of the 19 patients, 11C-L-methionine uptake was reduced 36 months after irradiation compared with the pre-treatment uptake of the tracer. In the total patient group the average reduction was 19.4%. Our results reveal that proton beam irradiation of meningiomas had an inhibitory effect on the methionine uptake in the meningiomas, although tumour size remained unchanged. The combination of unchanged tumour morphology and a reduction in methionine uptake after irradiation suggests that 11C-L-methionine PET might enable earlier evaluation of the treatment effect than is possible with CT or MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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