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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Malden USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 14 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Tectonomagmatic similarities between the modern Chilean flat-slab region and pre-Neogene magmatic episodes suggest that they represent analogues to flat subduction. Evolutionary patterns in each magmatic suite include (i) increasing La/Yb ratios and Sr-and Nd-isotopic enrichment through time, (ii) eastward-migration of magmatism after periods of transpressional/transtensional intra-arc deformation, and (iii) subsequent termination and virtual absence of main-arc activity for 5–10 Myr. These patterns may reflect slab shallowing followed by flat subduction and thickening of the overlying crust. If repeated, they require interchanging episodes of slab steepening. Increasing convergence rates force slab kinking and eventual failure of the oversteepened slab, followed by rebound of the slab tip (owing to lack of further slab pull), flat subduction and termination of subduction-related magmatism. Rapid subduction leads to shallow overriding of the detached slab fragment. Eclogitization of the gradually steepening slab tip at depth and subsequent slab pull permits asthenospheric corner flow and subduction-related magmatism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Erythrocyte sedimentation rates from 40 suspensions of packed red blood cells in modified fluid gelatin, 4% albumin solution, 6% hydroxyethyl starch and normal saline were measured at room temperature using Westergren's method. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was extremely high in gelatin and this increase was significant after 10–60 min when compared with the other fluids. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates in albumin, hydroxyethyl starch and normal saline were low and there were no differences between these fluids [erythrocyte sedimentation after 60 min, median (interquartile range): gelatin 128 (111.2–130.0) mm, albumin 2 (1.5–2.0) mm, hydroxyethyl starch 1.5 (1.0–1.6) mm, normal saline 2 (1.9–2.5) mm, p 〈 0.0001]. The addition of twice the volume of modified fluid gelatin to a volume of red blood cells leads to rapid acceleration of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. This is caused by increased erythrocyte aggregation, and in clinical practice this effect may be useful for the haemoconcentration of diluted blood from cardiopulmonary bypass circuits or cell-saver autotransfusion in paediatric surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 524-525 (Sept. 2006), p. 211-216 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Quelle: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: In response to the development of new materials and the application of materials andcomponents in new technologies the direct measurement, calculation and evaluation of textures andresidual stresses has gained worldwide significance in recent years. Non-destructive analysis forphase specific residual stresses and textures is only possible by means of diffraction methods. Inorder to cater for the development of these analytical techniques the new Materials ScienceDiffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM-II is designed to be equally applied to texture and residualstress analyses by virtue of its flexible configuration. The system compromises a highly flexiblemonochromator setup using three different monochromators: Ge (511), bent silicon (400) andpyrolitic graphite (PG). This range of monochromators and the possibility to vary the take-off anglesfrom 2θM = 35º to 110º allows wavelength adjustment such that measurements can be performedaround a scattering angle of 2θS ~ 90º. This is important in order to optimise neutron flux andresolution, especially for stress analysis on components, since the gauge volume element in that caseis cubic and large vertical divergences due to focusing monochromators do not affect the spatialresolution.The instrument is now available for routine operation and here we will present details of recentexperiments and instrument performance
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 571-572 (Mar. 2008), p. 421-425 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Quelle: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Alumina-zirconia multilayered ceramics have been proposed as an alternative for thedesign of structural ceramics with improved fracture toughness and strength reliability. During theprocessing of these laminates, significant residual stresses may arise due to the thermal expansionmismatch between adjacent layers. The correct evaluation of such stress distribution in the laminatemay determine its range of application. In this work, the residual stress state in a layered materialdesigned with five thick alumina layers of approximately 650 microns alternated with four thinalumina-zirconia layers of approximately 140 microns was estimated using different methods. Afinite element analysis (FEM) was performed for stress evaluation in the bulk and an indentationmethod and X-Ray diffraction to account for stresses at the surface. Experimental findings show aconstant stress distribution within the bulk for each layer, while at the surface stress positiondependence is observed in the alumina layers, being the maximum tensile stresses near the layerinterface. The accuracy of the results provided by each technique is discussed
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 67 (1980), S. 216-226 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Only relatively few laboratories are actively engaged in thermoluminescence-dating of rocks and artifacts. Nearly all these laboratories combine the practical application with methodical developments, because thermoluminescence-dating is too complex in order to become a routine method in the near future. This article reviews the principles and new developments and the archaeological and geological applications of thermoluminescence-dating.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) –¶alveolar surfactant –¶hyaline membranes –¶surfactant phospholipids –¶surfactant apoproteins surfactant inhibition ; Schlüsselwörter Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) –¶Alveolärer Surfactant –¶Hyaline Membranen Surfactant ¶Phospholipide –¶Surfactant Apoproteine –¶Surfactant Inhibition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das akute Atemnotsyndrom (ARDS) ist durch ausgedehnte inflammatorische Prozesse im mikrovaskulären, interstitiellen und alveolären Kompartiment der Lunge charakterisiert. Dies führt zu vasomotorischen Veränderungen der pulmonalen Strombahn, Extravasation von Plasmaproteinen, Zellschädigung und schweren Gasaustauschstörungen. Ursächlich werden seit langem auch Veränderungen des alveolären Surfactant-Systems in der pathogenetischen Sequenz dieses lebensbedrohlichen Syndroms diskutiert. Diese Hypothese wird nicht zuletzt durch den ähnlichen Verlauf der respiratorischen Insuffizienz beim ARDS und bei Frühgeborenen (Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome [IRDS]), bei denen ein primärer Surfactant-Mangel zugrunde liegt, unterstützt. Die Surfactant-Veränderungen beim ARDS umfassen: Mangel an oberflächenaktiven Substanzen, Veränderungen in der Surfactant-Komposition, Veränderungen in der relativen Surfactant-Subtypenverteilung, Inhibition der Surfactant-Funktion durch extravadierte Plasmaproteine sowie Inhibition oder Veränderung der Surfactant-Komponenten durch inflammatorische Mediatoren.¶   Diese Veränderungen der alveolären Surfactant-Funktion tragen zu den verschiedenen pathophysiologischen Merkmalen beim ARDS bei. Zentrale Bedeutung nehmen dabei der Verlust der Lungencompliance, Ventilations-Perfusions-Verteilungsstörungen einschließlich intrapulmonalem Shunt-Fluß aufgrund einer gestörten Ventilationsverteilung (Atelektasen, partieller Alveolarkollaps, Kollaps der kleinen Atemwege) und Lungenödembildung ein. Darüber hinaus scheinen persistierende Atelektasen, begünstigt durch Surfactant-Mangel und eine alveoläre Fibrinbeladung, Schlüsselreize für die Fibroblastenproliferation und die Ausbildung der Fibrose in der späten Phase der ARDS (Kollaps-Induration) zu sein.¶   Zusammenfassend scheinen die gegenwärtig verfügbaren Daten zu den Störungen der alveolären Surfactant-Funktion beim ARDS therapeutische Studien zur transbronchialen Surfactant-Applikation zu rechtfertigen. In zwei klinischen Untersuchungen, deren Ziel die Überprüfung der sicheren und effizienten Anwendbarkeit einer hohen Dosis transbronchial applizierten Surfactants bei ARDS Patienten war, konnte eine akute Verbesserung des Gasaustausches nachgewiesen werden. Begleitend zur Oxygenierungsverbesserung kam es zu einer weitgehenden, jedoch nicht vollständigen, Wiederherstellung der „physiologischen” Surfactant-Merkmale in der bronchoalveolären Lavageflüssigkeit (BALF) und zur Wiedereröffnung atelektatischer Lungenbezirke mit konsekutiver Reduktion des intrapulmonalen Shunt-Flusses. Darüber hinaus wurde tendenziell in der Therapiegruppe eine niedrigere Letalität beobachtet. Eine kontrollierte Studie prüft derzeit an einem größeren Patientenkollektiv mit ARDS den Einfluß einer transbronchialen Surfactant-Applikation auf die Mortalität dieses Erkrankungsbildes.
    Notizen: Summary Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by extended inflammatory processes in the lung microvascular, interstitial and alveolar compartments, resulting in vasomotor disturbances, plasma leakage, cell injury and complex gas exchange disturbances. Abnormalities of the alveolar surfactant system have since long been implicated in the pathogenetic sequelae of this life-threatening syndrome. This hypothesis is supported by similarities in pulmonary failure between patients with ARDS and preterm babies with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), which is known to be triggered primarily by a lack of surfactant material. Mechanisms of surfactant alterations in ARDS include: lack of surface-active compounds, changes in the relative composition of the surfactant constituents, alteration of the extracellular surfactant subtype distribution, inhibition of surfactant function by plasma protein leakage, and damage/inhibition of surfactant compounds by inflammatory mediators.¶   Alterations in alveolar surfactant function may well contribute to a variety of pathophysiological key events encountered in ARDS. These include decrease in compliance, ventilation-perfusion mismatch including shunt-flow due to altered gas flow distribution (atelectasis, partial alveolar collapse, small airway collapse) and lung edema formation. Persistent atelectasis of surfactant-deficient and, in particular, fibrin-loaded alveoli may represent a key event to trigger fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis in late ARDS (collapse induration).¶   Overall, the presently available data on surfactant abnormalities in ARDS lend credit to therapeutic trials with transbronchial surfactant application. Accordingly, acute improvement of gas exchange was encountered in two recently performed pilot studies addressing the safety and efficacy of a transbronchial application of large quantities of exogenous surfactant material. In parallel to a far reaching, but yet not complete restoration of „physiological” surfactant properties in BALF, re-opening of formerly collapsed lung regions with concomitant reduction of intrapulmonary shunt flow was noticed. Although not the primarily goal in these pilot studies, a tendency towards lower mortality in the surfactant treatment groups was noted. At present, a controlled study enrolling higher patient numbers is being performed to probe the impact of a transbronchial surfactant administration on the outcome of ARDS patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 16 (1982), S. 46-56 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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