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  • 2000-2004  (51)
  • 1960-1964  (40)
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  • 1
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    Creative cognition : theory, research, and applications (2000)
    Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press
    Details
    Keywords: Cognition. ; Creative thinking. ; Imagery (Psychology) ; Visualization.
    Pages: vi, 239 p.
    Edition: 1st pbk. ed
    ISBN: 0-585-03104-5
    URL: http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=1709
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossover to potential energy landscape dominated dynamics in a model glass-forming liquid (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9834-9840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An equilibrated model glass-forming liquid is studied by mapping successive configurations produced by molecular dynamics simulation onto a time series of inherent structures (local minima in the potential energy). Using this "inherent dynamics" approach we find direct numerical evidence for the long held view that below a crossover temperature, Tx, the liquid's dynamics can be separated into (i) vibrations around inherent structures and (ii) transitions between inherent structures [M. Goldstein, J. Chem. Phys. 51, 3728 (1969)], i.e., the dynamics become "dominated" by the potential energy landscape. In agreement with previous proposals, we find that Tx is within the vicinity of the mode-coupling critical temperature Tc. We further find that near Tx, transitions between inherent structures occur via cooperative, stringlike rearrangements of groups of particles moving distances substantially smaller than the average interparticle distance. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481621
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent, four-point density correlation function description of dynamical heterogeneity and decoupling in supercooled liquids (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dynamical heterogeneity and the decoupling of diffusion and relaxation in a supercooled liquid is investigated via a time-dependent, four-point density correlation function. We show that the main contribution to the corresponding generalized susceptibility χ4(t) in a molecular dynamics simulation of a Lennard-Jones liquid arises from spatial correlations between temporarily localized ("caged") particles. By comparing χ4(t) with a generalized susceptibility χM(t) related to a correlation function for the squared particle displacements, we demonstrate a connection between dynamical heterogeneity and the decoupling of relaxation and diffusion. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480541
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resources, Knowledge and Influence: The Organizational Effects of Interorganizational Collaboration* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Inter-organizational collaboration has been linked to a range of important outcomes for collaborating organizations. The strategy literature emphasizes the way in which collaboration between organizations results in the sharing of critical resources and facilitates knowledge transfer. The learning literature argues that collaboration not only transfers existing knowledge among organizations, but also facilitates the creation of new knowledge and produce synergistic solutions. Finally, research on networks and interorganizational politics suggests that collaboration can help organizations achieve a more central and influential position in relation to other organizations. While these effects have been identified and discussed at some length, little attention has been paid to the relationship between them and the nature of the collaborations that produce them. In this paper, we present the results of a qualitative study that examines the relationship between the effects of interorganizational collaboration and the nature of the collaborations that produce them. Based on our study of the collaborative activities of a small, nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Palestine over a four-year period, we argue that two dimensions of collaboration – embeddedness and involvement – determine the potential of a collaboration to produce one or more of these effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00342
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark: Understanding Failure in Organizational Strategizing* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-2-00006
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attitude determination from single-antenna carrier-phase measurements (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4677-4684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model of carrier phase measurement (as carried out by a satellite navigation receiver) is formulated based on electromagnetic theory. The model shows that the phase of the open-circuit voltage induced in the receiver antenna with respect to a local oscillator (in the receiver) depends on the relative orientation of the receiving and transmitting antennas. The model shows that using a single receiving antenna, and making carrier phase measurements to seven satellites, the three-axis attitude of a user platform (in addition to its position and time) can be computed relative to an initial point. This measurement model can also be used to create high-fidelity satellite signal simulators that take into account the effect of platform rotation as well as translation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1448871
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation and velocity effects in the global positioning system (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 6513-6525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a simple model of the signals transmitted by global positioning system (GPS) satellites and of the reception of these signals by a GPS receiver, neglecting atmospheric effects. The model idealizes the receiver and transmitter as electric dipole antennas. We derive the open-circuit voltage induced in the antenna of the receiver as a function of time, position, velocity, and orientation of the respective antenna. As an application of this model, we show that by using a single dipole antenna, a user of the GPS can compute his position, time, and two angles of attitude, by tracking the phases of the open-circuit antenna voltages for six GPS satellites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1417993
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impedance match equation of state experiments using indirectly laser-driven multimegabar shocks (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1721-1733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of equation of state (EOS) points on the principal Hugoniots of Cu, Au, Pb and the plastics Parylene-C and brominated CH at multimegabar pressures have been made using the 1 TW HELEN laser at AWE. The aim was 1% accuracy in shock velocity measurement (3%–4% in pressure) in order to compare with data from gas-gun and nuclear underground test experiments and the theoretical EOS's based on, or supported by, these data. Experiments comprised a hohlraum heated by two 500 J, 0.53 μm wavelength, 1 ns Gaussian laser pulses generating an x-ray flux which drove a shock into a target consisting of a base, with steps of a known EOS material and of the material of unknown EOS. Shock breakout from base and steps was detected by monitoring light emission from the target with optical streak cameras and shock velocities were derived from the transit times across the known-height steps. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1465419
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homocysteine potentiates β-amyloid neurotoxicity: role of oxidative stress (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 78 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cause of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been completely clarified, but has been variously attributed to increases in cytosolic calcium and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The β-amyloid fragment (Aβ) of the amyloid precursor protein induces calcium influx, ROS and apoptosis. Homocysteine (HC), a neurotoxic amino acid that accumulates in neurological disorders including AD, also induces calcium influx and oxidative stress, which has been shown to enhance neuronal excitotoxicity, leading to apoptosis. We examined the possibility that HC may augment Aβ neurotoxicity. HC potentiated the Aβ-induced increase in cytosolic calcium and apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY-5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The antioxidant vitamin E and the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine blocked apoptosis following cotreatment with HC and Aβ, indicating that apoptosis is associated with oxidative stress. These findings underscore that moderate accumulation of excitotoxins at concentrations that alone do not appear to initiate adverse events may enhance the effects of other factors known to cause neurodegeneration such as Aβ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00384.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRANSPORT AND FATE OF ATRAZINE IN MIDWESTERN RIPARIAN BUFFER STRIPS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 37 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The fate of pesticides entering the Riparian Buffer Strips (RBS) has not been well documented. This study compared the transport and fate of atrazine in soil of three-, five-, and nine-year-old switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) RBS to that in adjacent soils cropped to a corn-soybean rotation or a grass-alfalfa pasture. Undisturbed soil columns were collected from the RBS and cropped areas within the Bear Creek watershed, near Roland, Iowa. Atrazine and bromide breakthrough curves obtained using intact soil columns under saturated conditions were described by a two-region, mobile-immobile transport model. Preferential flow of bromide and atrazine was evident in five-and nine-year-old RBS soil, but there was little difference in transport characteristics between these two RBS soils and the adjacent cropped soils. There was a trend towards an increase in dispersion coefficients between the five-and nine-year-old RBS sites, which suggests an increased degree of preferential flow with increasing RBS age. Despite similar texture and organic C contents, atrazine sorption was significantly greater in RBS soil than the adjacent cropped soil. Cropped soil degraded atrazine faster than the RBS soil. The rapid degradation of atrazine in the corn-soybean soil adjacent to the five-year-old RBS (atrazine half-life of 19 days) appeared to be due to a larger population of atrazine-degrading microorganisms. Atrazine-degrading microorganisms in the corn-soybean soil were 50,940 cells g-1 soil compared with 2,970 cells g-4 soil in 5-year-old RBS soil which resulted in 60 percent mineralization of [14C-UL-atrazine] in the corn-soybean soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03669.x
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