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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of three capnographs for use with helium and oxygen gas mixtures (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Capnography is considered essential in the management of mechanically-ventilated patients. Helium, as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation, is the subject of renewed interest and used increasingly. However, helium affects the performance of infrared capnometry. We constructed a simple device to generate variable mixtures of helium, oxygen and carbon dioxide within the normal physiological range, and tested the performance of two side-stream and one in-line capnographs. We found that addition of helium to the gas mixture caused all three capnographs to underestimate the concentration of carbon dioxide. The underestimation increased as the proportion of helium increased. The maximum underestimation (30%) occurred in a 79:21 helium/oxygen mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.02963.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon budgeting in plant–soil mesocosms under elevated CO2: locally missing carbon? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Studies have suggested that more carbon is fixed due to a large increase in photosynthesis in plant–soil systems exposed to elevated CO2 than could subsequently be found in plant biomass and soils –- the locally missing carbon phenomenon. To further understand this phenomenon, an experiment was carried out using EcoCELLs which are open-flow, mass-balance systems at the mesocosm scale. Naturally occurring 13C tracers were also used to separately measure plant-derived carbon and soil-derived carbon. The experiment included two EcoCELLs, one under ambient atmospheric CO2 and the other under elevated CO2 (ambient plus 350 μL L− 1). By matching carbon fluxes with carbon pools, the issue of locally missing carbon was investigated. Flux-based net primary production (NPPf) was similar to pool-based primary production (NPPp) under ambient CO2, and the discrepancy between the two carbon budgets (12 g C m− 2, or 4% of NPPf) was less than measurement errors. Therefore, virtually all carbon entering the system under ambient CO2 was accounted for at the end of the experiment. Under elevated CO2, however, the amount of NPPf was much higher than NPPp, resulting in missing carbon of approximately 80 g C m− 2 or 19% of NPPf which was much higher than measurement errors. This was additional to the 96% increase in rhizosphere respiration and the 50% increase in root growth, two important components of locally missing carbon. The mystery of locally missing carbon under elevated CO2 remains to be further investigated. Volatile organic carbon, carbon loss due to root washing, and measurement errors are discussed as some of the potential contributing factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00284.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenomenology of the deuteron electromagnetic form factors (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 7 (2000), S. 421-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 21.45.+v Few-body systems – 25.30.Bf Elastic electron scattering – 27.10.+h A ≤ 5 – 13.40.Gp Electromagnetic form factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: A rigorous extraction of the deuteron charge form factors from tensor polarization data in elastic electron-deuteron scattering, at given values of the 4-momentum transfer, is presented. Then the world data for elastic electron-deuteron scattering is used to parameterize, in three different ways, the three electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron in the 4-momentum transfer range 0-7 fm−1. This procedure is made possible with the advent of recent polarization measurements. The parameterizations allow a phenomenological characterization of the deuteron electromagnetic structure. They can be used to remove ambiguities in the form factors extraction from future polarization data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013629
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of [CO2] and nitrogen fertilization on soils planted with ponderosa pine (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 224 (2000), S. 99-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: CO2 ; nitrogen fertilization ; soils ; nutrients ; Pinus ponderosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of six years treatment with elevated [CO2] (350, 525, and 700 μl l-1) and nitrogen (N) (0, 10, and 20 g N m-2 yr-1) on soils, soil solution, and CO2 efflux in an open-top chamber study with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) are described. The clearest [CO2] effect was in year 6, when a pattern of lower soil N concentration and higher C/N ratio with elevated [CO2] emerged. Statistically significant effects of elevated [CO2] on soil total C, extractable P, exchangeable Mg2+, exchangeable Ca2+, base saturation, and soil solution HCO3 - and NO3 - were also found in various treatment combinations and at various times; however, these effects were inconsistent among treatments and years, and in many cases (P, Mg2+, Ca2+, base saturation) reflected pre-treatment differences. The use of homogenized buried soil bags did not improve the power to detect changes in soil C and N or help resolve the inconsistencies in soil C patterns. Nitrogen fertilization had the expected negative effects on exchangeable Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ in year 6, presumably because of increased NO3 - leaching, but had no consistent effect on soil C, N, or extractable P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004781810465
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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