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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Mechanical and Chemomechanical Polished SiC Wafers Using Photon Backscattering (2000)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 338-342 (May 2000), p. 841-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.338-342.841.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The accuracy of the pseudopotential approximation. III. A comparison between pseudopotential and all-electron methods for Au and AuH (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 7110-7118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quality of the pseudopotential approximation has been tested thoroughly by calculating spectroscopic properties of the gold atom and ground state AuH for eight different effective core potentials using Hartree–Fock, second-order Møller–Plesset and coupled cluster methods. The pseudopotential valence basis set {cursive-phi}v for Au was chosen to be identical for all pseudopotentials, a subset of the all-electron basis set {cursive-phi}v⊂{cursive-phi}AE, and the condition was applied that all sets are of near basis set limit quality. The pseudopotential results are compared with data obtained from nonrelativistic, scalar relativistic Douglas–Kroll and fully relativistic four-component all-electron calculations. The variation between the results obtained for all valence electron small-core pseudopotentials and all electron Douglas–Kroll calculations is found to be small (for the Stuttgart pseudopotential Δre=0.001 Å, ΔDe=0.03 eV, Δωe=9 cm−1, Δμe=0.04 D). Sizable differences to all electron results are only found for the 11 valence electron large-core pseudopotentials. The effects of the basis set superposition error on spectroscopic constants were investigated. Calculated coupled cluster electron affinities and ionization potentials for gold and spectroscopic properties for AuH were found to be in excellent agreement with available experimental data. The variation between the different small-core pseudopotentials for one particular spectroscopic property is shown to be less than the error due to the incompleteness of electron correlation procedure or the basis set and approximately of the same size as the basis set superposition error. The results show that scalar relativistic effects for valence properties are perfectly described by the pseudopotential approximation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1313556
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of optical refrigeration in ytterbium-doped crystals (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4815-4819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We measured anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling (optical refrigeration) in ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). Pumping the 2.3% Yb3+:YAG crystal with 1.8 W of 1030 nm laser light produced a temperature drop of 8.9 °C from room temperature. The high thermal conductivity and ruggedness of this crystal make it an attractive material for use in optical refrigerators. Our spectral studies show that pure crystals of this material could be efficient for optical refrigeration at temperatures above ∼100 K. Photothermal deflection measurements show that our current crystals can cool at ∼250 K. Additionally, we measured optical refrigeration in a 5% Yb3+:Y2SiO5 crystal when pumped at 1050 nm. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1406544
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined Spinal-Epidural versus Epidural Analgesia in Labour (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Birth 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-536X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0730-7659.2004.0278.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODELING ACID MINE DRAINAGE ON A WATERSHED SCALE FOR TMDL CALCULATIONS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Cheat River of West Virginia is impaired by acid mine drainage (AMD). Fifty-five of its river segments were placed on the 303(d) list, which required calculations of total maximum daily load (TMDL) to meet the water quality criteria for pH, total iron, aluminum, manganese, and zinc. An existing watershed model was enhanced to simulate AMD as nonpoint source load. The model divided a watershed into a network of catchments and river segments. Each catchment was divided into soil layers, which could contain pyrite, calcite and other minerals. A kinetic expression was used to simulate pyrite oxidation as a function of oxygen in the soil voids. Oxygen in the soil voids was consumed by pyrite oxidation and replenished by earth breathing. The by-products of pyrite oxidation were calculated according to its mass action equations. Chemical equilibrium was used to account for the speciation of ferrous and ferric irons and precipitation of metal hydroxides. Simulated hydrology and water quality were compared to available data. The USEPA used the calibrated model to calculate the TMDLs in the Cheat River Watershed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04384.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stock-specific changes in growth rates, food conversion efficiencies, and energy allocation in response to temperature change in juvenile Atlantic cod (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 58 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Under common environments, populations of laboratory reared (Grand Banks, GB and Gulf of Maine, GOM) and wild caught (Fortune Bay, FB and Bonavista Bay, BB; Newfoundland) juvenile cod Gadus morhua responded similarly to temperature change in specific growth rates, food conversion efficiencies, condition factors, liver water content, and muscle water content. However, GOM cod had higher condition factors, and showed differences from GB cod in phenotypic plasticity of hepatosomatic index to temperature. These differences were not present in a different population comparison between FB and BB cod. All populations had higher growth rates and food conversion efficiencies at warmer temperatures, and exhibited compensatory growth when temperature was increased. The results suggest relatively larger genetic differences between GB and GOM cod than between FB and BB cod, and indicate that the faster growth of southern populations in the wild is not due to a higher genetic capacity for growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00497.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced vas deferens contraction and male infertility in mice lacking P2X 1 receptors (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 86-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] P2X1 receptors for ATP are ligand-gated cation channels, present on many excitable cells including vas deferens smooth muscle cells. A substantial component of the contractile response of the vas deferens to sympathetic nerve stimulation, which propels sperm into the ejaculate, is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/47495
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constitutive secretion of the granule chymase mouse mast cell protease-1 and the chemokine, CCL2, by mucosal mast cell homologues (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The mucosal mast cell (MMC) granule-specific β-chymase, mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), is released systemically into the bloodstream early in nematode infection before parasite-specific IgE responses develop and TGF-β1 induces constitutive release of mMCP-1 by homologues of MMC in vitro. Intraepithelial MMC may also express the chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) during nematode infection but the expression of this chemokine by MMC homologues has not been investigated.Objective To investigate the expression and to compare the mechanisms of constitutive release of the chymase, mMCP-1, and the chemokine, CCL2.Methods MMC homologues were generated by culturing bone marrow cells in the presence of TGF-β1, IL-3, IL-9 and stem cell factor (SCF). The intracellular distribution of mMCP-1 and CCL2 was examined by confocal microscopy. The involvement of the Golgi complex and of protein synthesis in the constitutive release of mMCP-1 and CCL2 was investigated using the Golgi-disrupting agent brefeldin A and cycloheximide to block protein synthesis. Secreted analytes were quantified by ELISA.Results mMCP-1 colocalized with Golgi matrix protein 130 but was most abundant in the granules, whereas CCL2 was not found in the granules but appeared to be located uniquely in the Golgi complex. Extracellular release of mMCP-1 was significantly inhibited (≈ 40%) by cycloheximide and by the Golgi-disrupting agent brefeldin A, indicating both continuous protein synthesis and transportation via the Golgi complex are required for optimal mMCP-1 secretion. A similar but more marked inhibitory effect with both compounds was demonstrated on the constitutive secretion of CCL2.Conclusion The culture conditions that promote mMCP-1 expression and release by MMC homologues also promote the expression and release of CCL2. Constitutive release involves de novo protein synthesis and requires a functional Golgi complex, suggesting that similar mechanisms of extracellular secretion operate for both mediators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01571.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of mouse mast cell proteinase-2 and the differential expression and release of mouse mast cell proteinase-1 and -2 in vivo (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Gastrointestinal nematode infection is associated with mucosal mast cell (MMC) hyperplasia. In the mouse, this is accompanied by the release of substantial quantities of the chymase mouse mast cell proteinase-1 (mMCP-1) into the gut lumen and peripheral bloodstream. Expression of mMCP-1 is largely restricted to intraepithelial MMC and is thought to play a role in the regulation of epithelial permeability. MMCs also express mouse mast cell proteinase-2 (mMCP-2), but less is known about the expression or biological function of this proteinase.Objectives (1) To purify and characterize mMCP-2. (2) To compare the expression and release of mMCP-2 and mMCP-1 in vivo using specific antibodies.Methods Bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs) were generated from mMCP-1−/− BALB/c mice. mMCP-2 was purified, characterized and used to generate rat and sheep polyclonal antibodies. The expression and systemic release of mMCP-1 and -2 were compared in vivo by immunohistochemistry and ELISA.Results mMCP-2 was successfully purified from mMCP-1−/− mBMMC and its identity confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. mMCP-2 bound [3H]-labelled DFP, indicating the presence of an active serine proteinase catalytic site, but showed little evidence of chymotryptic activity. MMC expressed comparable levels of mMCP-1 and -2 in the jejunum but not in the gastric mucosa, where mMCP-2 was more abundant. Expression of both proteinases increased substantially during primary Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection and this was accompanied by a substantial increase in peripheral blood levels of mMCP-1 (70 μg/mL on day 12). By contrast, mMCP-2 was not detected in the serum of uninfected mice and only increased to approximately 25 ng/mL on day 12.Conclusion As in the case of mMCP-1, mMCP-2 expression is restricted to MMC. However, mMCP-2 lacks chymase activity, is expressed at higher levels in gastric MMC and appears to be differentially released into the peripheral bloodstream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01720.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transforming growth factor-bβ1 mediates coexpression of the integrin subunit aαE and the chymase mouse mast cell protease-1 during the early differentiation of bone marrow-derived mucosal mast cell homologues (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mucosal mast cells (MMC) play a central role in gut hypersensitivities and inflammation. They are morphologically, biochemically and functionally distinct from their connective tissue counterparts. Massive hyperplasia of MMC occurs 7–10 days after intestinal infection with nematodes but it has never been possible to replicate this phenomenon in vitro.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Objective(1) To determine whether mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC) grown in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 could develop over the same time frame (7–10 days) as MMC in parasitized mice. (2) To compare the early expression of surface receptors (integrins αE and β7, c-kit and FcεR) with that of the MMC-specific granule chymase mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1).〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsMouse bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of IL-9, IL-3 and Stem Cell Factor (SCF) with or without TGF-β1. mBMMC were quantified after toluidine blue or Leishmans' staining. Expression of MMC-specific mouse mast cell proteases was analysed by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Surface antigen expression was characterized by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsTGF-β1 promotes the development of abundant MMC-like mBMMC from bone marrow progenitor cells with kinetics, which closely parallel that seen in vivo. mRNA transcripts encoding mMCP-1 and -2 are readily detectable by day 4 ex vivo in cultures grown in the presence of TGF-β1. Between 30 and 40% and 75–90% of the cells in these cultures on days 4 and 7, respectively, have typical mast cell morphology, are c-kit+, FcεR+, integrin αEβ7+, and express and secrete abundant mMCP-1. The integrin αE subunit is coexpressed with mMCP-1.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionThe kinetics of mMCP-1+/αE+ mBMMC development, regulated by TGF-β1, are consistent with that seen in vivo in the parasitized intestine. The normally down-regulatory functions of TGF-β1 in haematopoiesis are superseded in this culture system by its ability to promote the early expression of αE and mMCP-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01233.x
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