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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Brain development ; Axonal scaffold ; Extradenticle ; Homothorax ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  During early brain development in Drosophila a highly stereotyped pattern of axonal scaffolds evolves by precise pioneering and selective fasciculation of neural fibers in the newly formed brain neuromeres. Using an axonal marker, Fasciclin II, we show that the activities of the extradenticle (exd) and homothorax (hth) genes are essential to this axonal patterning in the embryonic brain. Both genes are expressed in the developing brain neurons, including many of the tract founder cluster cells. Consistent with their expression profiles, mutations of exd and hth strongly perturb the primary axonal scaffolds. Furthermore, we show that mutations of exd and hth result in profound patterning defects of the developing brain at the molecular level including stimulation of the orthodenticle gene and suppression of the empty spiracles and cervical homeotic genes. In addition, expression of a Drosophila Pax6 gene, eyeless, is significantly suppressed in the mutants except for the most anterior region. These results reveal that, in addition to their homeotic regulatory functions in trunk development, exd and hth have important roles in patterning the developing brain through coordinately regulating various nuclear regulatory genes, and imply molecular commonalities between the developmental mechanisms of the brain and trunk segments, which were conventionally considered to be largely independent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of this study is to clinically confirm the adhesive effect of a vinyl-thiol primer (V-Primer) for precious alloys. Further, we examined the failure of resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) in order to improve the clinical longevity of RBBs, and to analyse the causes of failure. Twenty-six RBBs were bonded with V-primer and Super Bond C & B between May 1987 and December 1997 in the Dental Clinic of the Health Sciences University of Hokkaido. The RBBs were made of silver–palladium–gold alloy or metal–ceramic gold alloys. V-primer was effective in bonding Super Bond C & B to the RBBs made of silver–palladium–gold alloys. Ten prostheses had functioned satisfactorily for 8–11 years. However, six of the 26 RBBs had become detached. In four of the six failed RBBs, the type of bond failure was a mixture fracture in the resin–enamel interface. Our results suggest that: (1) V-primer is effective on RBBs made of silver–palladium–gold alloys. (2) Mechanical retention is necessary for retainers to improve the longevity of RBBs when the V-primer is applied to RBBs made of precious alloys without copper. (3) The RBB should not be applied to abutment teeth that have differences in tooth mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 499-504 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences ; Haemorrhage cerebral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multifocal small low-signal lesions on T2*-weighted gradient-echo (GE) MRI are reported to be common in the brain of hypertensive patients. We examined factors associated with these lesions. For one year, we routinely obtained T2*-weighted GE images (TR 1000 TE 30 ms, flip angle = 20 °) in all adult patients (314) who underwent brain MRI in our hospital, using a 1.5 T superconducting magnet. Patients with multifocal small low-signal lesions with a known or presumed pathogenesis or any condition which may cause intracerebral haemorrhage, such as brain tumours, were excluded from further analysis. Thus, 191 cases remained (104 men and 87 women; age, 62.8 ± 11.0 years, range, 30–89 years). The overall prevalence of multifocal small low-signal lesions on the GE images was 15.2 % (29/191); they were commonly in the cerebral white matter and basal ganglia. They were detected in 12 (52.2 %) of the 23 patients with prior symptomatic brain hemorrhage, 12 (20.7 %) of the 58 with prior symptomatic infarcts, and only five (4.5 %) of 110 without a prior stroke. Logistic regression analysis indicated that multifocal small low-signal lesions were significantly correlated with a symptomatic acute brain haemorrhage (odds ratio, 13.17), chronic hypertension (4.00) and a symptomatic acute infarct (3.71). The association with symptomatic acute brain haemorrhage suggests that this finding may represent subclinical microhaemorrhage. The diagnostic potential of this finding to identify individuals at risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage may require further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) were applied to the determination of major elements and rare earth elements in Japanese Standard Soil Materials (NDG-1 to -8). Eight major elements, Al, Fe, Ti, Ca, Mg, Mn, K, and Na were determined by INAA. A comparison of the data for rare earth elements obtained by INAA and ICP-MS shows that the data of the contents determined by the two different analytical methods are in fairly good agreement with each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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