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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patient-assessed outcome up to three months in a randomised controlled trial comparing laparoscopic with open groin hernia repair (2000)
    Springer
    Hernia 4 (2000), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Inguinal hernia ; Randomised controlled trial ; Health status measures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective was to compare laparoscopic with open groin hernia repair in respect of patient-assessed outcome up to three months post-operatively. As part of a multicentre pragmatic trial 716 patients were recruited in 13 UK hospitals and randomly assigned to receive laparoscopic or open repair. Most participants were men (95%) with unilateral hernias (92.5%) which were inguinal (98.5%). Questionnaires were completed one week, one month, and three months after surgery. The principal endpoints were groin pain and return to usual social activities. The other outcomes were herniaspecific questions and the SF-36, EQ-5D and HADS measures. All analyses were by intention to treat. At one week and one month, respectively 10.3% and 13.9% fewer people in the laparoscopic group had groin pain and 27.7% and 37.2% fewer had numbness (all P 〈 0.001). Return to usual social activities was quicker in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.01). The laparoscopic group also had significantly more favourable scores at one week in five SF-36 subscales (physical functioning (P 〈 0.001), social functioning (P = 0.004), role physical (P 〈 0.001), role mental (P = 0.003) and pain (P 〈 0.001)), the EQ-5D utility score (P = 0.003) and the depression subscale of HADS (P = 0.001), and at one month in two SF-36 subscales (physical functioning (P = 0.01) and role physical (P = 0.01)). There was no detectable advantage by three months. Our findings that short-term outcome was better for patients allocated laparoscopic repair are consistent with other trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02353747
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing a departmental culture for reporting adverse incidents (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of health care quality assurance 16 (2003), S. 154-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-6862
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Economics
    Notes: A simple, reproducible model for reporting adverse events was developed in order to promote cultural awareness and acceptance of risk management within the authors' department. A departmental proforma was created and prospective reporting of adverse events was encouraged. In the six months prior to commencing this study only four adverse incidents were reported. Following the introduction of the proforma 64 critical incidents and near-misses were reported in the one-year period. In conclusion a simple model for reporting critical incidents and near-misses has been established. This has fostered a cultural change within the department and all members of staff feel more comfortable with reporting such incidents. The process is seen as educational and an important part of continuing professional and departmental development. Protocols and changes in organisational practice have been developed to reduce and prevent the occurrence of adverse events and offer patients continuous improvement in care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09526860310470883
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurogenic modulation and vasoactive peptides in microvascular biology (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Acute neurogenic inflammation is observed after topical application of the TrpV1 agonist capsaicin to the mouse ear. Inflammatory oedema is not detectable in the substance P NK1 receptor knockout mouse, indicating the importance of this receptor in mediating neurogenic oedema formation. However, neurogenic vasodilatation remains not only in the NK1 receptor knockout mouse but also in the CGRP knockout mouse after sensory nerve stimulation. Interestingly, it is abolished when both the CGRP and substance P dilator pathways are blocked. This has led us to suggest that there is a facilitatory interaction between endogenously released CGRP and substance P, such that when both are present there is redundancy in terms of dilator mechanisms. This could be relevant to the apparent maintenance of peripheral vasodilator tone, when either NK1 or CGRP receptor antagonists are given systemically for evaluation as novel therapeutic agents. The relative activity of CGRP and the structurally related non-neuropeptide adrenomedullin have been compared. Adrenomedullin is less potent as a vasodilator, but functionally relevant concentrations can be induced in inflamed skin. Both peptides, as a consequence of their vasodilator activity, influence inflammatory processes (e.g. oedema and cell accumulation) acting through the CGRP receptor. Thus, adrenomedullin can act as a non-neuronally derived CGRP agonist in skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.0212ab.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire-induced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 432 (2004), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Western US ponderosa pine forests have recently suffered extensive stand-replacing fires followed by hillslope erosion and sedimentation. These fires are usually attributed to increased stand density as a result of fire suppression, grazing and other land use, and are often considered ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03058
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaccination with soluble Aβ oligomers generates toxicity-neutralizing antibodies (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 79 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In recent studies of transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it has been reported that antibodies to aged beta amyloid peptide 1–42 (Aβ1−42) solutions (mixtures of Aβ monomers, oligomers and amyloid fibrils) cause conspicuous reduction of amyloid plaques and neurological improvement. In some cases, however, neurological improvement has been independent of obvious plaque reduction, and it has been suggested that immunization might neutralize soluble, non-fibrillar forms of Aβ. It is now known that Aβ toxicity resides not only in fibrils, but also in soluble protofibrils and oligomers. The current study has investigated the immune response to low doses of Aβ1−42 oligomers and the characteristics of the antibodies they induce. Rabbits that were injected with Aβ1−42 solutions containing only monomers and oligomers produced antibodies that preferentially bound to assembled forms of Aβ in immunoblots and in physiological solutions. The antibodies have proven useful for assays that can detect inhibitors of oligomer formation, for immunofluorescence localization of cell-attached oligomers to receptor-like puncta, and for immunoblots that show the presence of SDS-stable oligomers in Alzheimer's brain tissue. The antibodies, moreover, were found to neutralize the toxicity of soluble oligomers in cell culture. Results support the hypothesis that immunizations of transgenic mice derive therapeutic benefit from the immuno-neutralization of soluble Aβ-derived toxins. Analogous immuno-neutralization of oligomers in humans may be a key in AD vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00592.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer), to hydrogen peroxide on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Hydrogen peroxide has been the only medicine used to treat salmon infected with sea lice [Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer)] on many farms in Scotland since 1992 and reports have suggested reduced treatment efficacy. The present study tests the sensitivity of sea lice to exposure to hydrogen peroxide under farm conditions and also in vivo by comparing lice from a farm with suspected resistance and lice from a farm that had not been pre-exposed to hydrogen peroxide. In bin treatments on fish from a farm treated with hydrogen peroxide on 41 occasions, numbers of ovigerous lice declined by only 15% and 16% in two replicates and other mobile stages by 25%. Where hydrogen peroxide had not been used, ovigerous females declined by 90% and 87% and other mobile lice stages by 97% and 99%. These trials and observed poor efficacy of cage treatments, for example only 7.5% reduction in lice numbers when fish were treated with 2000 p.p.m. for 20 mins, indicated resistance of lice to hydrogen peroxide. The mechanisms involved in the development of resistance, possible genetic selection for lice with reduced carapace permeability or detoxifying enzymes such as catalase, or tolerance through induction by subtherapeutic exposure are reviewed. Implications for lice control strategies relying on hydrogen peroxide are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00517.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two rolled sandy heath communities within a single fire patch in Ngarkat Conservation Park, South Australia (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Asia Pty. Ltd.
    Austral ecology 27 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cross-ribbed rolling is a technique routinely used to construct firebreaks along the margins and access tracks of Ngarkat Conservation Park, South Australia. These breaks, approximately 20 m wide, contain regenerating heath communities with an overstorey of mallee. The effects of cross-ribbed rolling on community composition and succession were examined in a single fire patch on the western boundary of Ngarkat Conservation Park across 12 sites located in vegetation burnt approximately 35 years ago. Two areas at each site were investigated, one on rolled communities and the other running parallel on the adjacent unrolled vegetation. There was also a difference in the rolled communities sampled; six were on a 3-year-old break, whereas the remainder were on a 5-year-old break. Results indicate no changes to species richness or diversity when comparing rolled and unrolled areas, but there was some alteration to species composition in rolled communities. These results suggest that under current rolling regimes, the main effect is a reduction in biomass and some accompanying alteration to species composition, but not a reduction in overall species diversity or an increase in weeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01157.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FIELD EXPERIMENTS SHOW THAT ACOUSTIC PINGERS REDUCE MARINE MAMMAL BYCATCH IN THE CALIFORNIA DRIFT GILL NET FISHERY (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 19 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A controlled experiment was carried out in 1996–1997 to determine whether acoustic deterrent devices (pingers) reduce marine mammal bycatch in the California drift gill net fishery for swordfish and sharks. Using Fisher's exact test, bycatch rates with pingers were significantly less for all cetacean species combined (P 〈 0.001) and for all pinniped species combined (P= 0.003). For species tested separately with this test, bycatch reduction was statistically significant for short-beaked common dolphins (P= 0.001) and California sea lions (P= 0.02). Bycatch reduction is not statistically significant for the other species tested separately, but sample sizes and statistical power were low, and bycatch rates were lower in pingered nets for six of the eight other cetacean and pinniped species. A log-linear model relating the mean rate of entanglement to the number of pingers deployed was fit to the data for three groups: short-beaked common dolphins, other cetaceans, and pinnipeds. For a net with 40 pingers, the models predict approximately a 12-fold decrease in entanglement for short-beaked common dolphins, a 4-fold decrease for other cetaceans, and a 3-fold decrease for pinnipeds. No other variables were found that could explain this effect. The pinger experiment ended when regulations were enacted to make pingers mandatory in this fishery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01108.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of olfactory receptor neurons in Utetheisa ornatrix to gender-specific odors (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 186 (2000), S. 535-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Pheromone ; Arctiidae ; Trichoid sensilla ; Electrophysiology ; Olfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We recorded the electrophysiological responses of individual olfactory receptor neurons in sensilla trichodea on the antennae of adult arctiid moths, Utetheisa ornatrix, to stimulation with volatiles associated with both sexes. All trichoid sensilla contain at least two receptor neurons, each with distinct action potential amplitudes and waveforms, that respond dichotomously to male and female odors. Although, neither female neuron responds to extracts of coremata or the male-produced pheromone hydroxydanaidal, they do respond in a gender-specific manner to the volatiles emanating from whole pupae, hemolymph, thoracic froth, and adult animals of several ages. Thoracic froth, which contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, is thought to play a role in defense. Froth from moths reared on diets, with or without added pyrrolizidine alkaloids, were equally effective in eliciting gender-specific patterns of response. Male trichoid receptor neurons respond to these same materials with similar patterns of activation. These receptor neurons provide information about substances, which we have termed “gender odors,” that are persistently emitted by nearby animals. These substances do not appear to be the same as those already known to be involved in defense or the sexual dialog between individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590000108
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of cellulase preparations affecting the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose to ethanol (2000)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 22 (2000), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Keywords: cellulase ; cellulose ; Klebsiella oxytoca P2 ; Saccharomyces pastorianus ; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The cellulase, Spezyme CP from Genencor, widely used for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose to ethanol, contained substances inhibitory to the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca P2, emphasising the need to check for inhibition effects in SSF experimentation. Also, the preparation contained enough β-glucosidase activity to prevent cellobiose accumulation in SSF with a conventional non-cellobiose fermenting yeast: this finding is relevant to attempts to evaluate novel recombinant cellobiose-fermenting microbial strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005633819857
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