ISSN:
1573-2711
Keywords:
shear-induced dilation
;
confined liquid films
;
surface forces apparatus
;
stick–slip
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
Notes:
Abstract We demonstrate that sheared molecularly-thin fluid films dilate at the point of stick-to-slip (which is the transition from static to kinetic friction), indicating that density decreases when sliding occurs. This contrasts with incompressibility characteristic of bulk fluids when they are deformed. The magnitude of dilation was less than the size of the molecule and was larger in a polymer system (large molecules) than for small-molecule fluids. The experiments employed a surface forces apparatus modified to measure, using piezoelectric methods, sub-angstrom variations of film thickness during dynamic shear excitations that were performed at rates too rapid to allow fluid to enter and exit the zone of shear contact during the period of shear excitation. To demonstrate generality of the dilation effect, the specific systems studied included nonpolar fluids whose complexity was varied (a globular-shaped molecule, OMCTS; a branched alkane, squalane; a tethered diblock copolymer, polyvinylpyridine–polybutadiene) and also an aqueous electrolyte, MgCl2 dissolved in water. Extensive analysis is also presented of the piezoelectric methods that were employed to detect volume changes too small to observe by the methods of multiple beam interferometry that are traditional for thickness measurement in a surface forces apparatus.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018852326571
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