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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated latex aeroallergen challenges employing a hooded exposure chamber: safety and reproducibility (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Bronchial, nasal, and conjunctival challenges are useful for clarifying discordant clinical history (Hx) and skin and/or serologic tests and in assessing semiquantitative changes in biologic sensitivity over time. The objective of this study was to determine the safety and reproducibility of repeated latex-allergen challenges with a hooded exposure chamber (HEC). Methods: The HEC system comprises a powered forced-air respirator with a fitted face shield and hood that uses glove-derived latex-allergen associated cornstarch particles (LAC) to expose simultaneously the conjunctiva, nose, and lungs. Serial control and incremental LAC challenges are conducted until an endpoint based on upper and/or lower respiratory tract symptoms and peak expiratory flow rates is reached. Six latex-allergic (Hx and puncture skin test [PST]- and 5/6 radioallergosorbent test [RAST]-positive) subjects were challenged on three separate occasions at least 2 weeks apart. Serial latex PST midpoints and serum anti-latex IgE by RAST were monitored at each visit and at a fourth follow-up visit. Results: All subjects responded to LAC, but not to air or control cornstarch administered as controls. All responses were confined to mild symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma that either resolved spontaneously or were reversed with inhaled albuterol. No subject experienced a systemic or delayed reaction. There were no significant changes in the endpoint LAC doses over the three challenge visits (P〉0.2). The mean coefficient of variation for log2 endpoints within-subjects was 17.3±17.2% (SD). The serum latex-specific IgE was not significantly boosted by the three challenges (P〉0.2). The concentration of latex extract necessary to produce an 8-mm wheal by PST was not significantly changed during the study (P〉0.1), indicating that latex sensitivity was not affected by the repeated LAC exposures. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that repeated HEC latex-allergen challenges are both reproducible and safe, and do not increase latex sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00075.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigen-specific IgE and IgA antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are associated with stronger antigen-induced late phase reactions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mechanism(s) leading to the development of late phase allergic reactions is (are) unknown. Previous studies have indicated that a relationship between serum IgE and the late phase exists.To explore the relationships between allergen-specific immunoglobulins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and the magnitude of airflow limitation during the late phase response to inhaled allergen.Ragweed-specific IgE, IgA, secretory IgA (sIgA) and IgG were measured in BAL fluid and in the serum 1–5 weeks before whole lung antigen challenge with ragweed extract, in 16 ragweed allergic asthmatics. In addition, BAL and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and BAL fibrinogen levels were determined and BAL cells counted and differentiated. The latter procedures were repeated in a second BAL performed 24 h after the end of the ragweed challenge. After the challenge, lung function was monitored hourly for 8 h, to record the magnitude of airflow limitation.Ragweed-specific immunoglobulins were detected in 25% to 37.5% of BAL samples. Compared to the subjects with undetectable BAL fluid ragweed-specific IgE levels at baseline, those with detectable antibodies had stronger late phase reactions as determined by the nadir of FEV1 between hours 4 and 8 after the ragweed inhalation challenge (P = 0.0007). Allergen-induced changes in BAL ECP and fibrinogen levels were also higher in those subjects with detectable ragweed-specific IgE in baseline fluids (P = 0.03 and P = 0.005, respectively). Significant relationships between BAL antigen-specific IgA, serum ragweed-specific IgE and IgA and the late phase reaction were also found.The results of this study point towards the possibility that allergen-specific IgE and IgA may be independently involved in the pathogenesis of the late phase reaction. This notion merits further exploration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01048.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acquisition of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe by mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in soil at different P and micronutrient levels (2000)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 9 (2000), S. 331-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Extraradical hyphae ; Micronutrients ; Nutrient uptake ; Root colonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sustainability of soil-plant systems requires, among other things, good development and function of mycorrhizal symbioses. The effects of P and micronutrient levels on development of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and uptake of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe by maize (Zea mays L.) were studied. A pot experiment with maize either inoculated or not with Glomus intraradices was conducted in a sand:soil (3 :1) mix (pH 6.5) in a greenhouse. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of mycorrhizae to uptake of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe by maize as influenced by soil P and micronutrient levels. Two levels of P (10 and 40 mg kg−1 soil) and three levels of a micronutrient mixture: 0, 1X and 2X (1X contained, in mg kg−1 soil, 4.2 Fe, 1.2 Mn, 0.24 Zn, 0.06 Cu, 0.78 B and 0.036 Mo), were applied to pots. There were more extraradical hyphae at the low P level than at the high P level when no micronutrients were added to the soil. Root inoculation with mycorrhiza and application of micronutrients increased shoot biomass. Total Zn content in shoots was higher in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal plants grown in soils with low P and low or no micronutrient addition. Total Cu content in shoots was increased by mycorrhizal colonization when no micronutrients were added. Mycorrhizal plants had lower Mn contents than non-mycorrhizal plants only at the highest soil micronutrient level. AMF increased total shoot Fe content when no micronutrients were added, but decreased shoot Fe when plants were grown at the high level of micronutrient addition. The effects of G. intraradices on Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe uptake varied with micronutrient and P levels added to soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050277
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An IBM PC-Based System for the Assessment of Cardio-Respiratory Function Using Oscillating Inert Gas Forcing Signals (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 16 (2000), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Instrumentation ; alveolar volume ; airway dead space ; data acquisition ; data analysis ; signal processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective.An IBM PC-based real-time data acquisition, monitoringand analysis system was developed for the assessment of cardio-respiratoryfunction, i.e. airway dead space, alveolar volume and pulmonary blood flow,using oscillating inert inspired gas forcing signals. Methods.Theforcing gas mixture was generated by an in-house sinusoid gas delivery unit.The system interfaced with a mass spectrometer and an airway flow transducer,and performed real-time tracking of the breath-by-breath end-inspired,end-expired and mixed-expired concentrations. It calculated thecardio-respiratory parameters using two, i.e. continuous and tidal, in-housemathematical models of the lungs. The system's performance was evaluatedusing a mechanical bench lung, laboratory subjects and awake adults breathingspontaneously. Its predictive accuracy was compared with the measured volumesof the bench lung; single breath CO2 test for airway dead space andN2 washout for alveolar volume in laboratory subjects and awakeadults; and thermal dilution technique for pulmonary blood flow in laboratorysubjects. Results.Close agreements were found between the true andpredicted airway dead space, i.e. mean differences of –12.39%, 14.47%and –17.49%, respectively, and that of alveolar volume, i.e.–8.03%, –3.62% and 7.22%, respectively, in the bench lung,laboratory subject and awake adult studies; and that of pulmonary blood flow(–23.81%) in the laboratory subjects using the continuous lung model.Even closer agreements were observed for airway dead space (–5.8%) andalveolar volume (–4.01%) of the bench lung and for pulmonary blood flow(–8.47%) in the laboratory subjects using the tidal lung model.Conclusions.A system was developed to deliver, monitor and analyseon-line, and in real-time, output data from the sinusoid forcing technique.The technique was administered using the system in various subjects, andproduced favourable predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009956810968
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycorrhizae formation and nutrient uptake of new corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids with extreme canopy and leaf architecture as influenced by soil N and P levels (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 221 (2000), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; corn hybrid ; extraradical hyphae ; mycorrhizal colonization ; N/P ratio ; nutrient uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of N and P supply levels on mycorrhizal formation and nutrient uptake in corn hybrids with different architectures and to determine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) development in relation to shoot N/P ratio and shoot:root ratio. Corn pot cultures with a pasteurized medium of two parts sand and one part sandy loam soil were grown in the greenhouse. Marigold plants inoculated or not with Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith were used to establish an AMF hyphal network in the designated soil pots. Corn hybrids were seeded after removal of the marigold plant. Mycorrhizal colonization of corn hybrids and the quantity of extraradical hyphae produced in soil were greatest at the lowest P level and at the intermediate N level. Root colonization was correlated with shoot N/P ratio only at the intermediate N level. The shoot concentrations of P, Mg, Zn and Cu were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants than in non-mycorrhizal plants. The corn phenotype with the highest shoot:root ratio had the highest root colonization. The corn hybrid with a leafy normal stature architecture had a greater mycorrhizal colonization than that of other two corn hybrids. This experiment showed that N level in soil influenced shoot N/P ratio, root colonization and extraradical hyphal production, which in turn influenced uptake of other nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004777821422
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