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Notes: Background, aims: In 1973, a random sample of 574 dentate individuals aged 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 years in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, were examined clinically and radiographically to assess oral health and overall treatment needs. Periodontal examination included registration of plaque, gingivitis, probing depths at four aspects of each tooth, and interproximal bone height measurements on full-mouth intraoral radiographs. In 1990, 17 years later, the same individuals were invited to participate in a new investigation. Of these, 433 (75%) agreed to participate in the investigation and were re-examined (Hugoson & Laurell 2000). The proximal alveolar bone height at all interproximal sites was measured and expressed as per cent of tooth length. Only teeth that were present in both 1973 and 1990 were included in the assessment of changes in bone score. From the age of 30 years, about 80% of the population had one or more sites with a bone loss of 2–3 mm or more. Seventeen per cent of the individuals had more than six such sites, indicating destructive periodontal disease. Bone loss occurred at sites both with and without previous bone loss. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that sites with a bone loss of 10% or more of the tooth length (2–3 mm) during the 17 years were randomly distributed in the dentition.Material and methods: Of the 13,197 sites examined in individuals 20–60 years at baseline, 1201 sites (9.0%) in 998 teeth with a bone loss corresponding to 10% or more of the tooth length were found and included in the analysis. A probability test for binomial distribution was used to test the null hypothesis that all teeth had the same risk of losing bone regardless of its position in the dentition. The valid risk for each tooth was 3.571% and the null hypothesis was rejected at the 95% confidence interval.Results: Although all tooth types were affected by tooth loss, some teeth, namely 17, 16, 42, 41, and 31, showed a higher incidence of sites losing bone, whereas 46, 45, 44, and 36 had a lower incidence. Loser sites in smokers appeared more at random.Conclusion: Sites that will develop periodontal break-down over time may appear at random, although with higher risk at maxillary molars and lower incisors. For the early detection of destructive periodontitis, periodontal examination that includes all teeth should be made routine in every dental check-up.

Notes: Background, aims: This investigation was performed to assess longitudinal changes in periodontal bone height in an adult population over a period of 17 years.Methods: In 1973, a random sample of 1000 individuals aged 3–70 years in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, was examined clinically and radiographically to assess dental status and treatment needs. Out of the 574 dentate individuals 15–60 years, 433 accepted the invitation and were re-examined in 1989–91, 4 were edentulous and the study therefore finally included 429 dentate individuals. The examination included full mouth plaque and gingivitis scores and bone height measurements on full mouth intra-oral radiographs. All age groups except the youngest had very good oral hygiene with 50% or more having plaque and gingivitis scores below 20%.Results: From the age of 20, there was a general pattern of bone height reduction over time corresponding to an annual loss of around 0.1 mm. From the age of 30 years, about 80% of the population had one or more sites with bone loss of 10% or more. Very few individuals, about 5%, exhibited an individual mean bone loss of 2 mm or more. 17% had 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03036979:JCPE27009665:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉6 such sites indicating destructive periodontal disease. These individuals and sites could not be identified in advance based only on previous disease experience.

Notes: Aim: The purpose of this study was to study the healing, following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment, of bone defects distal to mandibular 2nd molars (M2s) after surgical removal of impacted mesioangularly or horizontally inclined third molars (M3s) in patients 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03036979:JCPE270506:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉25 years.Method: 20 patients with bilateral soft tissue impacted M3s were included in the split-mouth study. The 2 sites to be treated in each patient were randomised before the 1st operation as to which would undergo the test procedure and which would be the control site. After surgical removal of M3 at test sites, a resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) barrier was attached to M2 to cover the post-surgical bone defect. The flap was then replaced and sutured to cover the barrier. Control sites underwent the same procedure, as did the test sites, with the exception that no barrier was placed. The clinical examinations performed were oral hygiene pre- and 12 months postoperatively and probing pocket depth 12 months postoperatively. The alveolar bone level (ABL) at the distal surface of the M2, as determined from radiographs taken at suture removal and 12 months postsurgery, was chosen to be the primary response variable.Results: Most bone defects showed healing up to 10%–20% of the tooth length at both test and control sites. 2 test and 2 control sites showed no improvement in the bone level. The mean values of bone healing registered in mm from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) were 2.6±2.19 SD and 3.0±2.20 SD for test and control sites, respectively. Different factors affecting the healing result are discussed.

Notes: Aims: The objectives of the present, randomised clinical trial were (i) to evaluate the healing of periodontal intrabony defects at the distal aspect of mandibular 2nd molars using a resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) barrier and a non-resorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) barrier and (ii) to compare the therapeutic effect of the bioresorbable versus the non-resorbable barrier.Method: 19 patients with intrabony defects distal to mandibular 2nd molars 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03036979:JCPE270507:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉4 mm (on radiographs) were included in the study. The defects all remained 5 years after surgical removal of impacted 3rd molars. Following flap elevation and defect debridement, the defects were randomly covered with, either a resorbable PLA or a non-resorbable e-PTFE barrier. Flaps were repositioned and sutured to completely cover the barriers. Treatment was evaluated clinically after 1 year by measurements of probing depth (PD), probing attachment level (PAL), and probing bone level (PBL) and radiographically by measurements of bone levels on computer digitised images of radiographs taken immediately before and 1 year post-surgery.Results: Both treatments resulted in significant PD reduction, PAL gain, and bone fill. The total PD reduction was 5.3±l.9 mm for the PLA treated sites and 3.7±l.7 mm for the e-PTFE treated sites (p〈0.05). The corresponding values for PAL gain were 4.7±0.7 mm and 3.6±1.7 mm (p〈0.05) and for PBL gain 5.1±1.2 and 3.3±2.0 mm (p〈0.05). Radiographic bone fill averaged 3.4±l.2 for the PLA and 2.0±1.6 mm for the e-PTFE barriers (p〈0.05). Radiographic bone level measurements were significantly smaller than the corresponding clinical measurements, indicating that radiographs tend to underestimate bone fill.Conclusions: GTR treatment of deep intrabony defects distal to mandibular second molars using resorbable PLA barriers resulted in significant PD reduction, PAL gain and bone fill at least equivalent to the results obtained using non-resorbable e-PTFE barriers.

Notes: Abstract – Four cross-sectional studies were carried out in 1973, 1978, 1983, and 1993 to collect clinical and radiographic epidemiological data on the dental health status of the inhabitants of Jönköping, Sweden. The aim of the present paper was to use these data to analyze trends in the development of caries among children and adolescents between 1973 and 1993. Approximately 500 randomly selected individuals evenly distributed among the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years participated in each study. The main results show that the numbers of caries-free individuals increased in all age groups. In 1993, the mean number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces in the primary (dfs) and the permanent (DFS) dentition in all age groups was less than half of that found in 1973. Most of this decrease took place during the first 5 years, i.e., between 1973 and 1978. Between 1978 and 1983, only minor changes were observed. There was a further reduction of approximately 30%–50% in dfs/DFS between 1983 and 1993 in 3-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year-olds. The frequency distributions of dfs/DFS for 5- and 15-year-olds revealed an increasing skewness over time: in 1993, a large majority of the children and adolescents had a low or moderate caries severity while only a small group had high scores of dfs/DFS.

Notes: Abstract – In 1973, a cross-sectional study on oral health status was performed on 1000 individuals in the age groups 3–70 years in Jönköping, Sweden. In 1983 and 1993, new cross-sectional studies were carried out in the age groups 3–80 years. The aim of the present study was to analyze caries prevalence and distribution in the three investigations 1973, 1983, and 1993 in the age groups 20–80 years. In the younger age groups (20–40 years), a larger proportion of individuals with good oral health was found in 1993 than in 1973 or 1983. A steady increase in the number of teeth in the age groups 40–80 years could be found, which was also reflected in the increasing number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces (DFS) in the same age groups. A marked decrease in proximal DFS in 20–50-year-olds in 1993 compared to 1973 and 1983 was found. However, a rather large and unchanging group of individuals suffering from severe caries was also observed. This situation demands an individualized caries treatment strategy based on risk assessment.