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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oophorectomy promotes islet amyloid formation in a transgenic mouse model of Type II diabetes (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1309-1312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Islet amyloid, islet amyloid polypeptide, amylin, oophorectomy, oestrogen, glucose tolerance, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. In Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, amyloid depletes islet mass. We previously found that 81 % of male human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) transgenic mice but only 11 % of female mice developed islet amyloid, suggesting that either testosterone promotes or ovarian products protect against amyloid deposition.¶Methods. We did a bilateral oophorectomy or sham procedure in female human IAPP transgenic mice (n = 11 and n = 8, respectively) and in female non-transgenic mice (n = 7 and n = 9, respectively) at 6–8 weeks of age. Animals were followed for 1 year on a 9 % fat (w/w) diet. Before we killed them we measured, fasting plasma human IAPP and did an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Pancreatic content of IAPP and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were estimated and pancreata were analysed for islet amyloid.¶Results. No amyloid was detected in either the sham-operated transgenic mice or, as expected, in both groups of non-transgenic mice. In strong contrast, 7 of 11 (64 %) oophorectomized mice developed islet amyloid (p 〈 0.05). Amyloid deposition in the oophorectomized transgenic mice was not associated with any differences in incremental body weight, fasting human IAPP concentrations or glucose tolerance between the groups. Furthermore, pancreatic content of mouse IAPP, human IAPP and immunoreactive insulin did not differ between groups.¶Conclusion/interpretation. Oophorectomy is associated with an enhancement of islet amyloid formation in the absence of changes in glucose tolerance, circulating IAPP or pancreatic content of IRI, mouse or human IAPP. Thus, the early stages of islet amyloidogenesis seem to be independent of glucose tolerance, with ovarian products having a protective role. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1309–1312]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051527
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Texture transformations in reactive metal films deposited upon amorphous substrates (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 2635-2640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present results that demonstrate how interfacial reactions between a metal film and substrate during deposition affect microstructural evolution. In particular, we investigate Ti films deposited on amorphous SiO2 using ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscopy. Ti films were deposited in situ at room temperature and were examined using Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. An initial [hk0] preferred orientation developed in films up to 2.5 nm in thickness. Films between 2.5 and 5.0 nm developed a [001] preferred orientation that persisted in films up to 20.0 nm thick. These data, in conjunction with Auger electron spectra and dark-field microscopy, suggest that growth of Ti films on SiO2 is directly affected by reactions at the Ti/SiO2 interface and that this reaction is responsible for the observed change in preferred orientation. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1337078
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction of geometrically complex structures with nanoscale resolution (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 330-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A technique to reconstruct high resolution three-dimensional structural images and chemical maps of geometrically complex features is presented. A focused ion beam microscope is used to collect secondary electron images and secondary ion mass spectroscopy elemental maps as a function of depth in the sample. These images and elemental maps are then used to reconstruct volume images and chemical maps using shape-based interpolative methods with 25 nm lateral resolution and approximately 10 nm depth resolution. From these reconstructions, fundamental parameters such as connectivity, the volume fraction, and surface areas of features of interest can be calculated directly. These techniques open broad new opportunities for understanding three-dimensional structural and chemical relationships in materials research. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430550
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanoscale characterization of stresses in semiconductor devices by quantitative electron diffraction (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 412-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By using transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam technology in conjunction with finite element and electron diffraction contrast simulations, we have been able to quantitatively measure stresses in semiconductor devices with a spatial resolution on the order of tens of nanometers and a sensitivity on the order of tens of mega pascals. Examples of measuring stresses around shallow isolation trenches in semiconductor device structures are presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126993
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep submicron microcontact printing on planar and curved substrates utilizing focused ion beam fabricated printheads (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 981-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication of nanostructured "printheads" is used to extend applications of microcontact printing. Planar and curved printheads are fabricated with feature sizes less than 100 nm over fields of view of order 1 mm2, and transferred to target substrates with spatial resolution of order 200 nm. Analysis of the mechanical and ion optical stabilities of the FIB demonstrates that several hours of printhead fabrication time are possible with nanoscale precision. The rapid prototyping capability of this approach and the large depth of focus in the FIB enable rapid nanoscale patterning of a wide range of surface geometries. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1348308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of nanoscale texture in ultrathin TiN films (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2223-2225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigate the evolution of texture and grain morphology in fine-grained TiN thin films using cross correlation of dark-field images obtained using annular objective apertures with radii that correspond to different low index TiN reflections. This technique enables parallel analyses of the orientations of thousands of grains, with a spatial resolution of order 10 nm. Preferred grain orientations were determined for 40 and 100 nm thick TiN layers grown on SiO2 by magnetically unbalanced reactive magnetron sputter deposition. We find that no single orientation is dominant in the 40 nm films but that a 〈100〉 texture has developed by the time these films reach 100 nm in thickness. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1360235
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A randomized trial of the effect of low molecular weight heparin vs. warfarin on mortality in the long-term treatment of proximal vein thrombosis (2000)
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 37 (2000), S. S123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  It has been shown that several different low molecular weight (LMW) heparins, given by a once- or twice-daily subcutaneous injection without laboratory monitoring, are as effective or even more effective than continuous intravenous, unfractionated heparin monitored by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). One such study demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in mortality over the 3 month follow-up study. This was particularly striking in patients with cancer. Based on these findings, a multicentre, randomized clinical trial has been designed to compare the effect of long-term, once-daily LMW heparin with standard treatment using heparin and warfarin to ensure that equal numbers of cancer patients are in both groups. This will demonstrate whether or not the long-term use of LMW heparin can have a significant impact on mortality in patients who have proximal venous thrombosis with or without cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003900070014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sublethal Lead Affects Pituitary Function of Rainbow Trout During Exogenous Vitellogenesis (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 46-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Sexually maturing female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to 10 μg/L of waterborne lead Pb(NO3)2 for 12 days during endogenous vitellogenesis and 12 days during exogenous vitellogenesis. Lead had no significant effect on either gonadosomatic indices or mean maximum diameters of developing oocytes during early vitellogenesis. When females were exposed during exogenous vitellogenesis, however, both GSI and oocyte growth were significantly different from controls on day 12. Similarly GSI and oocyte growth was significantly reduced in lead-exposed fish. Atomic absorption spectroscopy measurements of lead levels in liver, ovaries, and blood tissues showed significant levels of lead in the blood. Lead did not accumulate in either the ovaries or the liver. Analysis of pituitary basophils during both endogenous and exogenous vitellogenesis and subsequent comparison with reproductive parameters in the ovaries indicated that GtH-basophils did not significantly increase in controls during endogenous vitellogenesis, and there was no significant change in GSI or ovarian growth in either controls or lead-exposed females. However during exogenous vitellogenesis, control basophils significantly increased over the 12-day experiment, but were not significantly different over 12 days in lead-exposed females. Both GSI and oocyte growth were significantly different from controls in lead-exposed females. The results suggest that naturally occurring changes in GTH-producing basophils during vitellogenesis alters GSI and oocyte growth in female rainbow trout exposed to lead during exogenous vitellogenesis, but not during endogenous vitellogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910006
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