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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constant involvement of the Betz cells and pyramidal tract in multiple system atrophy: a clinicopathological study of seven autopsy cases (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 628-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Betz cells ; Multiple system atrophy ; Neuropathology ; Pyramidal signs ; Pyramidal tract ¶degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated clinicopathologically the pyramidal signs, including spasticity, hyperreflexia, and Babinski’s sign, and the involvement of the pyramidal tract and primary motor cortex, in seven Japanese autopsy cases of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Pyramidal signs were observed in six (86%) of the seven autopsy cases. Hyperreflexia and Babinski’s sign were each evident in five patients, but spasticity was observed in only one patient. Loss of Betz cells and presence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the primary motor cortex were noticed in all seven cases. Astrocytosis in the fifth layer of the primary motor cortex was noticed in five cases, but its presence was not related to the duration of the disease. Involvement of the pyramidal tract in the spinal cord, particularly of the small myelinated fibers, was observed in all seven cases, but no involvement of the pyramidal tract in the midbrain was evident in any of the six cases in which this structure was examined. In MSA, pyramidal signs were shown to be present more frequently than believed before, and the clinicopathological correlation between pyramidal signs and involvement of the pyramidal tract was obvious. Constant involvement of Betz cells in MSA has not been reported. Our clinicopathological findings may also make a contribution to the understanding of the clinicopathological hallmarks of MSA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrosplenial cortex (BA 29/30) hypometabolism in mild cognitive impairment (prodromal Alzheimer's disease) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous group studies using positron emission tomography to assess resting cerebral glucose metabolism in very early Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment have identified the posterior cingulate and adjacent cingulo-parietal cortex as the first isocortical area to develop hypometabolism. We studied the profile of resting cerebral glucose metabolism in individuals with mild cognitive impairment to assess whether more specific and stereotyped regional hypometabolism would be evident across subjects. The study found that the most consistently hypometabolic region between individual subjects was a subregion of the posterior cingulate, the retrosplenial cortex (BA 29/30). This result is discussed in the context of regional connectivity, focal lesion evidence and functional activation studies of episodic memory paradigms in both normal and Alzheimer's disease groups. We propose that the retrosplenial cortex may represent a key junction between prefrontal areas involved in implementing retrieval strategies for episodic memory and hippocampal-based mnemonic processing; we therefore interpret the retrosplenial hypometabolism as a probable contributor to the memory impairment seen in mild cognitive impairment by disconnecting these two anatomical networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02999.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug-induced pemphigus foliaceus with features of pemphigus vulgaris (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04043.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of threading dislocations in GaN epitaxial layers (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3421-3423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated Si-doped GaN epitaxial layers on a (0001)-sapphire substrate using a HCl vapor-phase etching technique, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Three kinds of distinctive etch pits correspond to three different types of threading dislocations, edge, mixed, and screw types. Photoluminescence intensity increases with the decrease in the number of etch pits corresponding to mixed and screw dislocations. The number of etch pits corresponding to edge dislocations, however, did not change. We concluded, therefore, that threading dislocations having a screw-component burgers vector act as strong nonradiative centers in GaN epitaxial layers, whereas edge dislocations, which are the majority, do not act as nonradiative centers. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126666
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dowling–Degos disease associated with squamous cell carcinomas on the dappled pigmentation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report the first case of Dowling–Degos disease associated with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the pigmented area of Dowling–Degos disease. A 64-year-old Japanese man manifested dappled pigmentation unusually localized to the buttocks, and two pigmented adenoid SCCs had developed on his left pigmented buttock. The other findings of Dowling–Degos disease were comedone-like lesions on the face and back, a finger-like fibroma in the right popliteal fossa, dystrophic fingernails, and a large number of seborrhoeic keratosis-like lesions predominantly on the flexural areas. Another unique clinical feature was the lack of vellus hair on the whole body surface. In addition to thin branching and elongation of rete ridges with basal hyperpigmentation, immature hair follicles surrounded by fibrosis and a lace-like pattern of the hair follicle epithelia were observed histologically. These epithelial hamartomatous features were consistent with Dowling–Degos disease. We speculate that the SCCs developed in relation to an underlying naevoid anomaly in pilosebaceous epithelia of Dowling–Degos disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04819.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome with a palmar epidermoid cyst, milia and maxillary cysts (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2001.04389.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paclitaxel-cisplatin combination in advanced ovarian cancer: a phase II study (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Paclitaxel ; Cisplatin ; Advanced ovarian cancer ; First-line chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. To date there have been four large randomized studies in Western countries examining the role of combining cisplatin and paclitaxel as first-line treatment for ovarian cancer. A phase II study of paclitaxel and cisplatin in Japanese patients with advanced ovarian cancer was performed to determine the objective response rate and toxicity of this regimen. Methods. Previously untreated patients with stage III or IV ovarian cancer and a good performance status were eligible. Treatment consisted of paclitaxel 180 mg/m2 administered as a 3-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion followed by cisplatin 60 mg/m2 i.v. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks for at least four cycles. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was not routinely used. Results. Among 26 eligible patients, there were 4 complete and 17 partial responses, for an overall response rate of 80.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.6% to 93.4%). One hundred and twenty-nine treatment cycles were administered to the 26 patients. Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in 64 treatment cycles (50%) and in 23 patients (88%). Thrombocytopenia was less common. The most common nonhematologic toxicities included neurotoxicity, fatigue, arthralgia/myalgia, and nausea/emesis. Conclusion. Paclitaxel plus cisplatin is a highly active regimen in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The toxicities of this regimen are well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101470050096
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further reduction in lead exposure in women in general populations in Japan in the 1990s, and comparison with levels in east and south-east Asia (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Environmental exposure ; Japanese women ; Lead ; Dietary exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to elucidate the current level of environmental lead (Pb) exposure of women in general population in Japan, where the use of organic Pb in automobile gasoline was phased out from 1973 to reach a zero level early in the 1980s. Methods: A survey was conducted in 27 sites throughout Japan from 1991 to 1997. Five hundred and eighty-eight non-smoking women from the sites offered 24-h food duplicate, peripheral blood, and spot urine samples. Pb in food duplicates (Pb-F), blood (Pb-B), and urine (Pb-U) were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results of Pb-F and Pb-B were compared with observations from a study conducted from 1977 to 1981 on 339 women at the same sites. Log-normal distribution was assumed for the evaluation of the results. Results: Geometric means (GMs) of Pb-F, Pb-B, and Pb-U in the 1991–1997 study were 9.0 μg/day, 20.2 μg/l, and 2.18 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The values for Pb-F and Pb-B were substantially lower than the values (32.8 μg/day for Pb-F and 31.7 μg/l for Pb-B) obtained in the 1977–1981 study, which were already low when compared internationally. Cd-U values in the period from 1991 to 1997 also appeared to be among the lowest in the world. Analysis for time-dependent changes in Pb-U was, however, not possible at the time of this study because no values were available for the period from 1977 to 1981. Conclusions: Substantial reductions from 1977–1981 levels in environmental Pb exposure were observed among the study populations in Japan. Current exposure levels appear to be lower than those in other parts of Asia, the USA, and Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050013
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium exposure of women in general populations in Japan during 1991–1997 compared with 1977–1981 (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 26-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Blood ; Cadmium environmental exposure ; Food ; Japanese women ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The Japanese people are known to have high environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd). The present survey was initiated to elucidate possible changes in the intensity of Cd exposure to the population by comparison of the present exposure level with the situation some 15 years ago. Methods: During 1991–1997, 24-h food-duplicate samples, peripheral blood specimens and morning spot urine samples were collected from 588 non smoking women from 27 survey sites in six regions, where food-duplicate and blood samples had also been obtained during 1977–1981 from 399 women. The samples were wet-ashed (after homogenization in the case of food-duplicates), and Cd in the wet-ashed samples was analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Cd intake via foods (Cd-F), Cd concentration in blood (Cd-B) and Cd concentration in urine (Cd-U). The Cd-F and Cd-B were compared with the Cd-F and Cd-B obtained at the same sites in the 1977–1981 survey. Results: The exposure levels during 1991–1997 were such that Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-Ucr (Cd–U after correction for creatinine concentration) were 25.5 μg/day, 1.90 μg/l and 4.39 μg/g creatinine. Comparison with the 1977–1981 survey results (i.e., 37.5 μg/day for Cd-F and 3.47 μg/l for Cd-B) showed that there were significant reductions (by 32 and 45%) in both parameters respectively during the last 15 years. The dietary route was an almost exclusive (i.e., 99% of the sum of dietary and respiratory uptake) route of Cd uptake, of which Cd in rice (11.7 μg/day) contributed about 40% of the total dietary intake. When compared among survey sites, inter-site variation in dietary Cd intake was primarily due to differences in the intake through boiled rice. Despite the recent reduction in Cd exposure, the current exposure level for Japanese people is still higher than the levels among other rice-dependent populations in Asia as well as in other parts of the world. Comparison was made between the present findings in general populations and observations among known Cd-pollution cases in Japan. Conclusions: Dietary uptake is an almost exclusive route of Cd exposure in the general Japanese population. Boiled rice is a strong determinant of variation in dietary Cd intake. Whereas there was a substantial reduction in Cd exposure among Japanese populations in the last 15 years, the current level is still high when compared internationally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007934
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal liver function in women in the general Japanese population subjected to environmental exposure to cadmium at various levels (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 86-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Cadmium ; Environmental exposure ; Liver function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Whereas it is well established that environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) may induce kidney dysfunction, less attention has been paid to the possible disturbance of liver function by Cd exposure. The possibility that liver function is adversely affected by current levels of environmental exposure to Cd as investigated in women in the general population in Japan, where the background level of exposure to Cd is known to be high. Methods: From 1991 to 1997, 24-h food duplicate, peripheral blood and morning spot urine samples were collected from 607 non-smoking and non-habitually drinking women (age range 19–78 years) at 30 survey sites (with no known environmental pollution from heavy metals) throughout Japan. Liver function parameters in serum were examined by conventional methods. After wet-ashing, the food duplicate, blood and urine samples were analyzed for Cd intake via food (Cd-F), Cd in blood (Cd-B), and Cd in urine (Cd-U) by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: The geometric mean values for Cd-F, Cd-B, and Cd-U were 24.7 (27.1) μg/day, 1.76 (2.07) μg/l, and 3.94 (4.61) μg/g creatinine (values in parentheses for 41- to 60 year-old women), respectively. It as found that the three parameters of ALP, ALT, and AST activity were positively and significantly related to the age of the subjects (whereas no association as detected in cases of γ-GTP, LAP, and albumin). Accordingly, a further analysis as made with 367 women selected by age (41–60 years; about 60% of the total population). Essentially, no Cd dose-dependent changes in liver function parameters were observed in the selected population of this narrower age range. Conclusions: Overall, it seemed prudent to conclude that liver function as not disturbed by the current environmental exposure to Cd in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007943
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