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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral mucosal versus cutaneous sensory testing: a review of the literature (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The innervation of skin and oral mucosa plays a major physiological role in exteroception. It also has a clinical interest as illustrated by sensory changes after neurosurgical procedures. These sensory changes often rely only on the patients' subjective reports, although objective assessments are possible. This review compares the neurophysiological features of the trigeminal sensory pathways with those of cutaneous sensory innervation. In this review, three receptor groups will be discussed: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors and nociceptors. Differences between receptors in the glabrous skin, the hairy skin and the oral mucosa will be highlighted. Sensory testing devices have been developed to quantify psychophysiological parameters such as the threshold level for receptor activation upon mechanical stimulation, but such devices have been merely developed to determine the threshold of skin receptors (tactile, thermal). Later on, some have been adapted to suit the particularities of the oral environment. This review attempts to compare the available literature on test devices for oral versus cutaneous tactile function. It summarizes what is common or rather particular to the devices used to study either cutaneous or oral receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00960.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A potential link between oral status and hearing impairment: preliminary observations (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  Some previous studies suggest an association between tooth loss and hearing loss. The aim of this study is to assess the relation between oral status and hearing acuity. Forty-eight patients (mean age: 64·7 years) were allocated to four groups: one was wearing complete dentures in both jaws, another had shortened dental arches, a third had full dental arches in both jaws and the last lacked any occlusal stops (i.e. no occlusal vertical dimension, because of the absence of teeth or occlusal pairs). Audiological testing was performed in a noise-free chamber. Air and bone conduction were checked at different frequencies and the air-bone gap was determined. After correction for age and gender, a difference in air and bone conduction because of the oral status was found for low and for high frequencies while no significant differences were (P 〈 0·05) found for the air-bone gap. The number of teeth, number of occluding tooth pairs and presence or lack of occlusal vertical dimension, was significantly related to the gradient of hearing loss (P 〈 0·05). The discrepancy in hearing loss between complete denture wearers and patients without any occlusal vertical dimension, strengthens the hypothesis that it is the lack of the latter that is associated with hearing loss. At what level hearing loss occurs, needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01252.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methodology of oral sensory tests (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Different methods of oral sensory tests including light touch sensation, two-point discrimination, vibrotactile function and thermal sensation were compared. Healthy subjects were tested to assess the results obtained from two psychophysical approaches, namely the staircase and the ascending & descending method of limits for light touch sensation and two-point discrimination. Both methods appeared to be reliable for examining oral sensory function. The effect of topical anaesthesia was also evaluated but no conclusion could be drawn as too few subjects were involved. Newly developed simple testing tools for two-point discrimination and thermal sensation in a clinical situation were developed prior to this study and tested for their reproducibility. Thermal sensation could be reliably detected in repeated trials. Although the hand-held instruments have some drawbacks, the outcome of these instruments in a clinical environment is suitable for assessing oral sensory function. Three different frequencies (32, 128 and 256 Hz) were used to estimate the vibrotactile function. Different threshold levels were found at different frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00952.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of speech in patients rehabilitated with various oral implant-supported prostheses (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In the present study, speech function was assessed in edentulous patients wearing fixed or removable dental prostheses supported or not by oral implants. A total of 138 patients participated in the present research. The experimental group (n=113) was divided in 4 subgroups. Subgroup FD/FFPi comprised 22 patients with a maxillary full denture (=FD) and a mandibular fixed full prosthesis on implants (=FFPi). Subgroup FFPi/ND consisted of 27 patients with a maxillary fixed full prosthesis on implants and a natural dentition (=ND) in the mandible. Subgroup FD/ODi included 49 patients wearing a maxillary full denture and a mandibular overdenture on 2 implants (=ODi). Subgroup FFPi/FFPi comprised 15 patients having a fixed full prosthesis on implants in both jaws. The outcome of the logopedic screening of the experimental group was compared with that of a control group of subjects having a natural dentition (ND/ND; n=25). A standard clinical procedure for evaluation of speech was carried out by a speech pathologist. Besides, specific oral and prosthetic parameters were scored in all patients. It was established that one or more pronunciation difficulties occurred in 84% of the patients of the experimental group. This was significantly more than in the control group, where half the number of subjects had some speech deficiencies. No clear influence of specific oral and prosthetic parameters could be identified. From the present results, it could be concluded that in patients rehabilitated with oral implant-supported prostheses speech disorder is more frequently observed than in subjects with a natural dentition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.012002167.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immediate rehabilitation by means of a ready-made final fixed prosthesis in the edentulous mandible: a 1-year follow-up study on 50 consecutive patients (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Although a two-stage procedure with symphyseal oral implants can lead to a long-term (15 years) 99% cumulative survival rate, a one-stage approach with immediate loading via prefabricated elements seems to offer a short-term acceptable outcome with significantly lower costs. A series of 50 consecutive patients, not eliminated for any systemic or smoking condition, received at the department of periodontology three implants in the symphyseal area, connected by a very rigid horse shoe-shaped titanium bar. A final screw retained prosthetic framework was placed on top of it at the department of prosthetic dentistry within 2 days after surgery (44) or after a delay, due to purely external factors, of up to 10 days (6). Forty-five patients were followed for 1 year. In one patient, all three implants failed and another four patients were lost to follow-up. The cumulative failure rates for implants and prostheses at 1 year were, respectively, 7.3% and 5%. The mean marginal bone loss at 1 year was 1.08 mm (SD: 1.62; range −5.68 to +2.55). This study shows that stable marginal bone levels can be maintained around immediately loaded implants in the lower jaw in an average patient population for at least 1 year. The survival rate is, however, lower than for a staged approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01069.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localisation of the mandibular canal using conventional spiral tomography: a human cadaver study (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: For certain surgical procedures (e.g. placement of implants), an accurate localisation of the mandibular canal is of utmost importance to avoid injuries to the neurovascular bundle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, on human fresh cadavers (n=6), the accuracy of conventional spiral tomography for the localisation of the mandibular canal. By means of the Cranex TOME® multifunctional unit (Orion Corporation Soredex, Helsinki, Finland), tomographic slices were taken at 3 different locations in the left posterior mandible (distal to the mental foramen). The mandibles were then sectioned at these 3 sites with a microtome. With a digital sliding calliper, the following 3 measurements were performed both on the tomograms and the bone sections at the three sites: 1) distance from the crest to mandibular canal, 2) overall bone height and 3) bone width. Overestimations of the distance to the mandibular canal (8/18) ranged from 1.05 to 0.10 mm and underestimations from 0.30 to 1.36 mm. The same number of over- and underestimations occurred for the bone height (1.14 to 0.14 mm and 0.15 to 1.40 mm, respectively). The bone width scored more overestimations (10/18), ranging from 1.40 to 0.12 mm, while underestimations ranged from 0.25 to 1.35 mm. From the present results, it is concluded that spiral tomography using the Cranex TOME® multifunctional X-ray unit provides accurate information and sufficient detail for preoperative planning of implant placement in the posterior mandible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.012003230.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorbed doses from spiral CT and conventional spiral tomography: a phantom vs. cadaver study (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: For several radiological examinations, a clinician can select between conventional and spiral computed tomography. Using both techniques, this study aimed at evaluating the difference in absorbed doses when examining a single lateral jaw segment in a human cadaver head and Rando phantom. The present study involved the placement of thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips (GR-200) in the thyroid gland, and bilaterally, in the parotid and submandibular glands and the lenses of the eyes in both a human cadaver and a Rando phantom at corresponding locations. Consecutive conventional spiral tomographic examinations were carried out in both the left upper and lower premolar area, using a Cranex TOME® multifunctional unit. Each examination consisted of 4 slices with a 2 mm slice thickness and exposure parameters of 57 kV, 56 seconds and 1.6–2.0 mA. Regarding spiral computed tomography (CT), a Somatom Plus S® scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), with a slice thickness of 1 mm with settings at 120 kV and 165 mA, was used on both phantoms and separately in the upper and lower jaw. With conventional tomography, the findings of the present study showed that the parotid and submandibular glands on the side near the X-ray tube received the highest dose, both for the cadaver head (doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.3 mGy) and the phantom (doses ranging from 0.6 to 2.6 mGy). For CT of the upper jaw, the highest doses were delivered to the parotid glands with an average absorbed dose of 9.2 and 10.6 mGy for the cadaver head and phantom, respectively. The submandibular glands received the highest doses during CT examination of the lower jaw with an average of 7.8 and 12.9 mGy for the cadaver head and phantom, respectively. It appears from the present investigation that if small edentulous regions are examined, radiation doses during conventional tomography remain much lower than during CT imaging. However, when multiple tomographic cuts are required, a spiral CT examination can replace a series of conventional examinations, especially in cases such as the rehabilitation of an edentulous upper jaw or a more complex surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.120507.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The subjective image quality of direct digital and conventional panoramic radiography (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical oral investigations 4 (2000), S. 162-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words Dental radiography ; Digital dental radiography ; Panoramic radiography ; Diagnostic imaging ; Radiographic image enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  One of the main advantages of digital imaging is the possibility of altering display options for improved image interpretation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subjective image quality of direct digital panoramic images and compare the results with those obtained from conventional images. Furthermore, the effect of various filter settings on image interpretation was assessed. Panoramic images were obtained with three different types of panoramic equipment (one direct digital and two conventional units) from three groups of 54 patients with a natural dentition in all quadrants. The first series of panoramic images consisted of 54 unprocessed digital images; conventional film images (n=108) comprised the second and third series. A final series consisted of the digital images treated with three different filters (”smoothening,””sharpening,” and ”contrast enhancement”). All images were scored randomly by four experts in oral radiology on a 4-point rating scale. The results showed a statistically significant difference in scorings between the conventional and digital panoramic units. The main reason for poor image quality appeared to be a combination of blurring and overlapping in the panoramic image. The premolar region in the upper jaw was the region where most additional radiographs were needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007840000059
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of a novel metastatic orthotopic model of human neuroblastoma in immunodeficient mice (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 18 (2000), S. 455-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: invasion ; magnetic resonance imaging ; metastasis ; neuroblastoma ; orthotopic model ; surgical orthotopic implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuroblastoma is the second most common solid tumor in children. So far few tumor models for this cancer have been reported in mice. We have created a murine tumor model for studying human neuroblastoma based on surgical orthotopic implantation in scid mice. Small fragments of subcutaneous tumors of SK-N-BE(2) human neuroblastoma cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein were surgically implanted near the left adrenal gland of scid mice. One hundred percent of the animals (n=21) successfully implanted developed a large retroperitoneal tumor and became moribund between 22 and 57 days after implantation (mean survival time = 41 days). At the time of sacrifice the presence of bone marrow metastasis was detected by RT-PCR for green fluorescent protein in 95% of the cases. The growth of small tumor implants could be easily visualized and quantified by surveillance MR imaging, with a resolution of 117×117×750 μm in two orthogonal planes allowing accurate volume measurements, as well as assessment of necrosis and tissue invasion. This novel model should be a valuable tool to study the biology and therapeutic approaches to neuroblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011827122126
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streaming Multimedia for the Internet (2000)
    Springer
    BT technology journal 18 (2000), S. 89-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1995
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Multimedia streaming enables Web sites to be enhanced with real-time audio and video content. Through the appropriate use of video compression technologies, audio and video content can be delivered directly into the Web browser environment to create a rich mix of text, graphics and multimedia. The audio quality and video window size available to viewers is primarily determined by network access speeds. For the Internet, audio and video can be successfully streamed at rates between 20 kbit/s and 37 kbit/s over a PSTN modem link. In the corporate intranet environment, where higher end-to-end network speeds exist, audio and video can easily be streamed at rates between 56 kbit/s and 450 kbit/s. This paper illustrates how commodity video compression techniques facilitate the introduction of real-time multimedia streaming over IP networks. It describes the technology components within a basic video streaming system and provides an overview of two applications that utilise this technology, namely Intranet TV and BT Results Webcast. The underlying network protocols required to support real-time Internet applications are also discussed and network measurement statistics obtained from Intranet TV and BT Results Webcast are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026538207803
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