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  • 1
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    Political space : frontiers of change and governance in a globalizing world (2002)
    Albany : State University of New York Press
    SUNY series in global politics  
    Details
    Keywords: Globalization. ; International relations. ; Political geography.
    Notes: Problem of change in international relations theory /K.J. Holsti --Reconfiguring international political space: the significance of world history /Richard Little --Informational reconfiguring of global geopolitics /Ken Dark --Remapping political space: issues and nonissues in analyzing global politics in the twenty-first century /Yale H. Ferguson and Richard W. Mansbach --Political power and geographical scale /John Agnew --Mapping global/local spaces /Robert Latham --Cartographies of loathing and desire: the Bharatiya Janata party, the bomb, and the political spaces of Hindu nationalism /Stuart Corbridge --New cross-border field for public and private actors /Saskia Sassen --Finance in politics: an epilogue to Mad money /Susan Strange --Offshore and the institutional environment of globalization /Ronen Palan --Governance and the challenges of changing political space /R.J. Barry Jones --Club identity and collective action: overlapping interests in an evolving world system /Mark A. Boyer --NGOs and fragmented authority in globalizing space /James N. Rosenau --Practicing democracy transnationally /Rey Koslowski and Antje Wiener.
    Pages: vi, 319 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48645-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=101901
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and Electronic Properties of Nitrogen Defects in Silicon (2003)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 95-96 (Sept. 2003), p. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/26/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.95-96.93.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of colloidal clusters in shear flow near a wall: Stokesian dynamics simulation studies (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 5319-5330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An earlier algorithm for Stokesian dynamics simulation of colloid particles in a fluid bounded by a hard wall is extended to the case when a linear shear flow is applied. The algorithm includes many-body hydrodynamic interactions arising from the shear flow with lubrication corrections for pairs of close particles. The extended algorithm is used to simulate small clusters of particles which may interact with each other and with the bounding wall through model potentials with repulsive cores and attractive tails. The pair problem is studied first, in bounded and unbounded fluid, both with and without pair and wall interactions. The critical shear rate necessary to break a bound pair is determined for a range of initial configurations. Whereas in unbounded fluid a bound pair rotates with the vorticity of the shear flow, near a wall the hydrodynamic forces introduce a new breakup mechanism in which the pair tilts through a finite angle relative to the wall before separating. This tilt mechanism requires significantly stronger shear fields than are needed to separate a pair in unbounded fluid. Linear arrays of particles as well as examples of 2- and 3-D bound clusters are studied next to show how the wall and the tilt mechanism modify the shear-induced breakup. With a wall potential included, significant changes are seen in the final distribution of particles resulting from cluster breakup. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1385559
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density functional study of carbonic acid clusters (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 6571-6575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Density functional calculations on carbonic acid H2CO3 are extended to clusters of up to five such units. The most stable forms are the linear, hydrogen-bonded analogs of the dimer with anti–anti orientation. We calculate structures and vibration frequencies, as well as the energy required to bend and stretch the linear isomers. Linear chains of up to ∼20 units should be favored over ring structures, and they have a tensile strength reminiscent of chains of water molecules. We also discuss planar, nonlinear structures as well as three-dimensional isomers. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481229
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear relaxation of polarization and optical susceptibility of dielectric particles under sudden change of external field direction (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 7424-7433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A dilute suspension of particles with permanent electric dipole moment and additional polarizability is subject to an applied electric field which suddenly changes its magnitude and direction. The time dependent behavior of the polarization and of the optical susceptibility is described by solving the Smoluchowski equation for the orientational distribution function. Because of the change of field direction the problem is not axially symmetric but by the proper choice of coordinate system the dynamical equations can be treated in the same manner as in the case of simple field switching on or field reversal. The two independent components of polarization and the nonvanishing elements of the optical susceptibility tensor are shown to be superpositions of exponentially decaying functions of time. A fast numerical method is used to calculate the spectrum of decay rates and the amplitudes of the decaying modes. The time dependence of the difference of principal indices of refraction which produces birefringence is calculated from the difference of characteristic values of the susceptibility tensor. The relaxation behavior of polar particles with additional polarizability is compared with that of simpler polar particles. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1465395
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the irreversible deposition of colloidal particles: Deposition algorithm and simulations (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 11080-11094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Stokesian dynamics constraint algorithm for the irreversible deposition of colloidal particles onto a surface is presented. This algorithm can also be used to simulate a variety of nondeposition phenomena and with any method for computing the hydrodynamic interactions among the particles. In particular, a multipole scheme we recently described for computing the mobility matrix of colloidal particles, with or without the presence of a wall, is used here in conjunction with the new deposition algorithm to perform Stokesian dynamics irreversible deposition simulations on a group of 75 colloidal particles. Deposition simulations are performed with and without the hydrodynamic effect of the wall (substrate) being included in the mobility matrix. The results of the simulations lead to important qualitative conclusions on the effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the deposition process, in particular the hydrodynamic effect of the wall. In addition, the simulations serve to illustrate the performance of the new deposition algorithm. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481760
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of extracorporeal photopheresis on intracellular cytokine expression in chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Cytokines derived from T helper (Th)1 lymphocytes are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been reported to affect Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratios. It may also influence the balance of cytotoxic Tcells (Tc1/Tc2).Objectives  This study was formulated to assess the effect of ECP on the cytokine profiles of peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes from patients with chronic GVHD.Patients and methods  Nine patients were studied. Peripheral blood was sampled at baseline and between 3 and 4 months of therapy when clinical effects are demonstrable. Intracellular cytokine production was assessed in vitro by stimulating PB lymphocytes with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), inhibiting cytokine release and staining with fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibodies to interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-4. Flow cytometry analysis gave the absolute number and the percentage of cells expressing a particular cytokine within each lymphocyte subset.Results  Absolute counts of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD16+ cells per microlitre were recorded before and after ECP. There was a small but non-significant reduction in all subsets after 3 months of ECP. The percentage of cells expressing IL-2 and IFN-γ rose following ECP in both the CD4 and CD8 subsets. However, only the percentage of CD4 cells expressing IFN-γ reached statistical significance (P = 0.02; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.6–15.6). There were no significant changes in the percentage of CD4 cells expressing IL-4.Conclusions  Our findings appear to be inconsistent with current theories regarding the pathogenesis of GVHD as increased production of Th1 or Tc1 cytokines might be expected to exacerbate GVHD. However, chronic GVHD is characterized by a relative deficiency of IL-2 and IFN-γ producing cells compared with other patients post-bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This indicates that Th1 and Tc1 cytokines are depleted in chronic GVHD. Thus, by reducing disease activity, ECP could allow cytokine production by these cells to recover. This indicates that the therapeutic effect of ECP is mediated by a different mechanism, and that the changes observed in this study are epiphenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00814.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic spinodal dewetting as a route to self-assembly of patterned surfaces (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 476-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ability to pattern surfaces on a microscopic length scale is of importance for technological applications such as the fabrication of microelectronic circuits and digital storage media. Devices fabricated entirely from polymers are now available, opening up the possibility of adapting ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35006597
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of the Neuritotrophic Cytokine S100β Precedes the Appearance of Neuritic β-Amyloid Plaques in APPV717F Mice (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Homozygous APPV717F transgenic mice overexpress a human β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) minigene encoding a familial Alzheimer’s disease mutation. These mice develop Alzheimer-type neuritic β-amyloid plaques surrounded by astrocytes. S100β is an astrocyte-derived cytokine that promotes neurite growth and promotes excessive expression of βAPP. S100β overexpression in Alzheimer’s disease correlates with the proliferation of βAPP-immunoreactive neurites in β-amyloid plaques. We found age-related increases in tissue levels of both βAPP and S100β mRNA in transgenic mice. Neuronal βAPP overexpression was found in cell somas in young mice, whereas older mice showed βAPP overexpression in dystrophic neurites in plaques. These age-related changes were accompanied by progressive increases in S100β expression, as determined by S100β load (percent immunoreactive area). These increases were evident as early as 1 and 2 months of age, months before the appearance of β-amyloid deposits in these mice. Such precocious astrocyte activation and S100β overexpression are similar to our earlier findings in Down’s syndrome. Accelerated age-related overexpression of S100β may interact with age-associated overexpression of mutant βAPP in transgenic mice to promote development of Alzheimer-like neuropathological changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740295.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interaction between the IL-4Rα gene and infection is associated with atopic eczema in young children (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background A gain of function mutation (Q551- 〉 R) in the IL-4 receptor α-chain (IL-4Rα) has been found to be associated with atopy in some studies but not others. The different results may be explained by interactions between the IL-4Rα polymorphism and environmental factors.Objectives To identify interactions between the R551 mutation and environmental factors that are associated with atopy.Methods DNA from the Children in Focus (CiF) cohort of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was genotyped by heteroduplex formation for the presence of the R551 polymorphism. The data were then analysed for associations with flexural eczema as an indicator of atopic eczema, skin prick tests to allergens and serum IgE levels, and for interactions with environmental factors.Results A significant (P = 0.02) positive association was seen between the R551 polymorphism and flexural eczema in children up to 6 months of age who had not been given antibiotics, but not in children who had been given antibiotics. This association was maintained as a trend until 30 to 42 months of age but was no longer statistically significant. There was no significant association between the R551 polymorphism and positive skin prick tests or levels of serum IgE at 61 months of age, consistent with the effect of the R551 polymorphism being restricted to early life.Conclusion There is an association between the R551 polymorphism and flexural eczema in children at 6 months of age who have not had infection requiring treatment with antibiotics. Restriction of the R551 association with eczema to children who have not had antibiotics lends support to the ‘hygiene hypothesis’, which states that exposure to infection in childhood can protect against allergic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01414.x
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