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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binokulare dreidimensionale Videookulographie (2000)
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 97 (2000), S. 629-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Videookulographie ; Dreidimensionale Positionsbestimmung ; Gegenrollung ; Interokuläre Differenzbildung ; Irisüberlagerung ; Keywords Object squint measurement ; Iris overlay procedure ; Interocular difference ; Three-dimensional video-oculography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. It has long been a goal to develop a means to measure squint angles in three dimensions simultaneously. A three-dimensional binocular method is naturally needed especially with surgical procedures that affect three dimensions of ocular motility. Methods. Special modifications of a videographic method provide simultaneous online data on the three-dimensional position of the eyes. The interocular difference is equal to the amount of squint, depending on the direction of gaze, head-tilt/direction of gravity, and convergence. Results. The method introduced provides three-dimensional and binocular documentation of ocular movements. This could lead to improve pre- and postsurgical examination, especially of rotational disturbances, and it could also offer an objective means for comparing the results of various surgical procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund. Die dreidimensionale Videookulographie wird für den strabologischen Bereich modifiziert und als binokulare Methode vorgestellt. Methode/Ergebnisse. Durch die Videoanalyse eines Pupullenbildes kann die horizontale und vertikale Position des Auges bestimmt werden. Rotatorische Bewegungen um die Blicklinie werden mit einem speziellen Überlagerungsverfahren von Irismerkmalen gemessen. Neue Prozessoren ermöglichen eine alternierende Positionsbestimmung mit 25 Hz und ebenso schneller Berechnung der interokulären Positionsdifferenz. Das Bezugssystem in Form einer Art Taucherbrille mit Videokameras ist an den Kopf des Probanden gebunden. Semitransparente Spiegel erlauben u. a. 9 Blickpositionen analog zur Tangententafel. Die freie Beweglichkeit des Kopfes dient zur Messung von Innenohreinflüssen bei okulärer Gegenrollung. Schlussfolgerung. Die vorgestellte Methode ermöglicht die objektive, simultane Untersuchung beider Augen in 3 Dimensionen in Echtzeit und mit Angabe der Schielwinkel in den 3 Dimensionen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003470070051
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postoperative nausea and vomiting after Faden operation (2000)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 238 (2000), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiemetic effect of prophylactic dimenhydrinate application prior to Faden operation and to compare the incidence of PONV between bimedial Faden operation (BMF) and horizontal recess-resect procedure (R&R). · Methods: Ninety-nine children (4–10 years) scheduled for BMF were included in this prospective double-blind study. Midazolam (0.5 mg/kg body weight, BW) was administered orally for premedication 30 min before induction of anesthesia. Additionally, children weighing ≥23 kg received either dimenhydrinate suppositories or placebo. The placebo group was compared with 148 children who underwent R&R surgery without antiemetic prophylaxis during the same period. Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone (5–10 mg/kg BW) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg BW) bromide and maintained with halothane (1–2 vol%) in N2O/O2 (65/35 vol%). Age, height, weight, and incidence of oculocardiac reflex were documented. PONV was classified into ”no vomiting”, ”vomiting without therapy”, and ”vomiting requiring rescue medication”. In the latter case dimenhydrinate was given again. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.  · Results: Forty-eight patients received placebo, while 51 received dimenhydrinate. No differences between any groups were observed concerning age, height, weight, and incidence of oculocardiac reflex. Compared to R&R surgery, PONV requiring rescue medication occurred significantly more frequently after BMF (45% vs 23% after R&R). PONV after BMF was significantly less severe in the dimenhydrinate group than in the placebo group. The total incidence of PONV after BMF, however, was not significantly reduced. · Conclusion: The high incidence of PONV after BMF can be explained by the greater invasiveness of BMF than R&R surgery. PONV requiring antiemetic rescue medication can be reduced by preoperative administration of dimenhydrinate suppositories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004170050010
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lea symbols: visual acuity assessment and detection of amblyopia (2000)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 238 (2000), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Objective: Lea symbols can be used for measuring visual acuity in childhood. Therefore, these symbols might be useful for early detection of amblyopia. We evaluated whether the visual acuity determined with Lea symbols (LS) corresponds to the visual acuity determined with the Landolt-C (LC). · Patients and methods: In 55 strabismic amblyopic volunteers aged 5–59 years, the monocular visual acuity of both eyes was determined using LC and LS. For comparison, the right eye of 20 healthy volunteers was examined. Single optotypes (LC, LS) were used in 55 amblyopes and crowded optotypes (LC17.2, LC2.6, CLS) in 40 amblyopes. The luminance of the test charts was 180–200 cd/m2, with a contrast 〉85%. The refraction of the subjects was corrected beforehand. · Results: In the 40 amblyopic eyes tested under each condition, LS exceeded CLS and LC by about 1 line (dB), LC17.2 by 2 lines and LC2.6 by 3 lines (mean values ± SD: LS 0.62±1.8 dB, CLS 0.46±1.7 dB, LC 0.5±2.0 dB, LC17.2 0.41±2.3 dB, LC2.6 0.29±2.3 dB). The non-amblyopic fellow eyes and healthy eyes showed smaller differences (fellow eyes LS 1.32±1.1 dB, CLS 1.17±1.1 dB, LC 1.15±0.9 dB, LC17.2 1.05±0.9 dB, LC2.6 0.93±1.1 dB; healthy eyes LS 1.74±0.9 dB, CLS 1.58±0.8 dB, LC 1.48±0.6 dB, LC17.2 1.41±0.7 dB, LC2.6 1.32±1.1 dB). In the amblyopic eyes, the reduction of LC was more distinct than the reduction of LS. Fifty-two amblyopes had an amblyopia 〉1 dB of LC, LC17.2 and LC2.6, while 50 had an interocular acuity difference 〉1 dB CLS. · Conclusions: Using Lea symbols, a recognition acuity can be determined and amblyopia can reliably be detected. Due to their design, the Lea symbols are particularly suitable and recommendable for application in young children. However a slight systematic difference between LS and LC has to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004170050009
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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