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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of deep levels in InGaP grown by compound-source molecular beam epitaxy (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4407-4409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Deep levels in Si-doped In0.49Ga0.51P grown by compound-source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy. In0.49Ga0.51P samples were grown by compound-source MBE with V/III ratios of 4, 10, and 17. Depending upon the V/III ratio three major deep levels with activation energies of 0.26±0.02, 0.36±0.02, and 0.82±0.05 eV were observed. The effect of thermal annealing on the behavior of deep levels was also investigated. The deep levels in InGaP grown by compound-source MBE showed behavior of phosphorus antisites and related complexes unlike those found in solid-source MBE-grown InGaP that showed behavior of phosphorus vacancies and related complexes. Si-doped InGaP layers grown with a V/III ratio of 4 showed trap concentration and capture cross section as low as 1.38×1014 cm−3 and 2.9×10−16 cm2, respectively. The results indicate the potential of InGaP grown by compound-source MBE for use in improved low-frequency noise applications. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1353559
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of Calbindin D-28k Immunoreactivity in the Hippocampus after Adrenalectomy in the Seizure Sensitive Gerbil (2004)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 33 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Calbindin D-28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, containing neurons in the hippocampus plays an important role in hippocampal excitability in epilepsy. In the present study, we investigated changes of CB immunoreactivity after adrenalectomy (ADX) in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of the seizure sensitive gerbil, which is susceptible to seizure to identify roles of CB in epileptogenesis. The changes of the CB immunoreactivity after ADX were significant in the hippocampal CA1 region. By 24 h after ADX, CB-immunoreactive CA1 pyramidal cells and CB immunoreactivity increased. At this time, well-stained dendrites projected to the stratum radiatum. Thereafter, the CB immunoreactivity decreased time dependently by 96 h after ADX. In the dentate gyrus, the changes of CB-immunoreactive neurons were mainly observed in the granule cell layer. The number and immunoreactivity of CB-immunoreactive neurons was high at 24 h after ADX, thereafter, those decreased by 96 h after ADX. These results suggest that glucocorticoid has an important role in modulating the seizure activity and CB serves an inhibitory function, which regulates the seizure activity and output signals from the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00554.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of rebamipide on the expression of proinflammatory mediators and apoptosis in human neutrophils by Helicobacter pylori water-soluble surface proteins (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Helicobacter pylori infection elicits persistent neutrophil infiltration in gastric mucosa. The expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inhibition of apoptosis in the neutrophils could contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. Rebamipide, a mucosal protective and ulcer-healing drug, has been known to inhibit neutrophil activation.Aim : To evaluate the effect of rebamipide on the neutrophils activated by H. pylori water-soluble proteins.Methods : After neutrophils were stimulated with H. pylori water extract (HPWE) or pre-treated with rebamipide, the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis was determined by radioimmunoassay. Neutrophil apoptosis was evaluated by cytosolic oligonucleosome-bound DNA ELISA and caspase-3 activity was measured by the detection of p-nitroanilide after cleavage from labelled substrate.Results : Stimulation with HPWE up-regulated COX-2 expression and PGE2 secretion, and inhibited neutrophil apoptosis. Rebamipide suppressed PGE2 secretion from neutrophils dose-dependently. Rebamipide, however, did not affect neutrophil apoptosis and caspase-3 activity.Conclusions : Rebamipide effectively suppressed PGE2 secretion from neutrophils activated by H. pylori water-soluble proteins. This is another possible mechanism of gastric mucosal protection by rebamipide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.18.s1.1.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of femoral neck anteversion in 3D. Part 1: 3D imaging method (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 603-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Femoral anteversion ; Rendering ; 3D imaging ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Femoral neck anteversion is the torsion of the femoral head with reference to the distal femur. Conventional methods that use cross-sectional computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance or ultrasound images to estimate femoral anteversion have met with several problems owing to the complex, three-dimensional (3D) structure of the femur. These problems include not only the difficulty of defining the direction of the femoral neck axis and condylar line but also the dependency upon patient positioning. In particular, the femoral neck axis, the direction of the femoral head, known as the major source of error, is difficult to determine from either a single or several two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images. A new method has been devised for the measurement of femoral anteversion using the 3D imaging technique. 3D reconstructed CT images from the femoral head and trochanter to the distal femur are used to measure the anteversion. It is necessary to remove the soft tissue from the CT images and extract just the bone part. Then, the femoral anteversion is measured from a computer-rendered femur image. The 3D imaging method is compared with both the conventional 2D method and the physical method using 20 dried femurs. For the physical method, which is used as a reference value, a special apparatus is devised. The average difference between the results of the physical method and those of the 2D CT method is 5.33°. The average difference between the results of the physical method and those of the 3D imaging method is 0.45°. Seventy-four patients, who suffer from toe-in-gait disease, are tested to compare the 3D imaging method with the conventional 2D CT method. The average difference between the 2D and 3D methods is 8.6°, and the standard is 7.43°. This method provides a very accurate and reliable measurement of femoral anteversion, as it is virtually equivalent to the direct measurement of bisected dried femur in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344864
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of femoral neck anteversion in 3D. Part 2:3D modelling method (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 610-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Femoral anteversion ; 3D ; Modelling ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Femoral neck anteversion is the torsion of the femoral head with reference to the distal femur. Conventional methods that use cross-sectional computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance or ultrasound images to estimate femoral anteversion have met with several problems owing to the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the femur. A 3D imaging method has been developed that virtually measures femoral anteversion on the 3D computer space with continuous CT slices; this 3D method provides more accurate and reliable results than conventional 2D CT measurements. A 3D modelling method is devised for the measurement of femoral neck anteversion. This method has advantages over the 3D imaging method, such as shorter processing time, reduced number of slices and an objective result compared with the 3D imaging method. The results of the 3D modelling method are compared with the conventional CT methods (2D CT method and 3D imaging method) using 20 dried femurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344865
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High glucose-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression through an osmotic effect in rat mesangial cells is PKC-NF-ϰB-dependent (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1544-1553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetes mellitus ; glucose ; ICAM-1 ; mesangial cells ; PKC-NF-ϰB.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstracts Aims/hypothesis. Infiltration of mononuclear cells and glomerular enlargement accompanied by glomerular cell proliferation are very early characteristics of the pathophysiology of diabetes. To clarify the mechanism of early diabetic nephropathy, we measured [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers to show the influence of a high ambient glucose concentration and the osmotic effect on rat mesangial cell proliferation. We also measured the effect of high glucose on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 by flow cytometry and semiquantitative RT-PCR in mesangial cells and the adhesion of leukocytes to mesangial cells. Methods/results. Cells exposed to high d-glucose (30 mmol/l) caused an increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers at 24 and 48 h and normalized at 72 h (p 〈 0.05), whereas these changes were not found in high mannitol (30 mmol/l), IL-1β, or TNFα-stimulated mesangial cells. Cells exposed to high-glucose (15, 30, or 60 mmol/l) or osmotic agents (l-glucose, raffinose and mannitol) showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression began to increase after 24 h, reached its maximum at 24 and 48 h and gradually decreased afterwards. The stimulatory effects of high glucose and high mannitol on mRNA expression were observed as early as 6 h and reached its maximum at 12 h. Up-regulation of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA was also found in IL-1-β and TNF-α-stimulated mesangial cells. Neither vascular adhesion molecule-1 protein nor mRNA expression was, however, affected by high glucose and high mannitol. Notably, the protein kinase C inhibitors calphostin C and staurosporine reduced high glucose- or high mannitol-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression and high glucose-induced proliferation. Furthermore, the NF-ϰB inhibitor N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone reduced high glucose- or high mannitol-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression and high glucose-induced proliferation. Results showed that high glucose (15, 30 mmol/l) or high concentrations of osmotic agents remarkably increased the number of adherent leukocytes to mesangial cells (p 〈 0.01) compared with control cells (5 mmol/l d-glucose). Functional blocking of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on mesangial cells with rat intercellular adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody, calphostin C, staurosporine, or N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone significantly inhibited high glucose- or high mannitol-induced increase in leukocyte adhesion (p 〈 〈 0.05). Conclusion/interpretation. These results suggest that high glucose can upregulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 protein and mRNA expression but not vascular adhesion molecule-1 expression in mesangial cells and promote leukocyte adhesion through up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 through osmotic effect, possibly depending on the protein kinase C nuclear factor-kappa B (PKC-NF-ϰB) pathway. High glucose itself can also promote mesangial cell proliferation through the PKC-NF-ϰB pathways. We conclude that hyperglycaemia in itself seems to be an important factor in the development of early diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1544–1553]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051567
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of the dynamic and delayed MR sequence with Gd-DTPA in the T-staging of stomach cancer: correlation with the histopathology (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 14-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Stomach, MR—Stomach, neoplasm—Stomach, staging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To evaluate the usefulness of dynamic and delayed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the T-staging of stomach cancer and to compare the enhancement pattern of the cancerous lesion and the normal wall. Methods: We performed MR imaging in 46 patients with stomach cancer (including four early gastric cancers and 42 advanced gastric cancers). Axial, sagittal, or coronal two-dimensional fast low-angle shot) MR images for the water-distended stomach were obtained with dynamic protocol, including precontrast images and images obtained 30, 60, 90, and 240–300 s after intravenous injection of the 0.1 mM Gd-DTPA/kg solution. We evaluated the thickness, interruption (or not) of the low signal intensity bands, and enhancement pattern of the cancerous wall and normal gastric wall. We prospectively evaluated the depth of cancer invasion, perigastric infiltration (extraserosal invasion), perigastric organ invasion, and regional lymph nodes and determined tumor staging on MR images. These MR evaluations including MR-determined staging were correlated with the surgicopathologic findings. Results: Stomach cancer was shown as having a thickened wall with a rapid enhancing pattern after intravenous Gd-DTPA administration. The mucosa (and/or submucosa) affected by stomach cancer showed an early enhancement pattern (30–90 s after Gd-DTPA administration) in 43 of 46 patients (93%). The normal gastric mucosa demonstrated a delayed peak enhancement pattern (〉90 s after Gd-DTPA administration) in 29 of 46 patients (63%) and variable enhancement pattern in 17 of 46 patients (37%). An interrupted low signal intensity band or highly enhanced tumorous lesion penetrating through the gastric wall was seen in 17 of 19 pT3 patients (90%). Consistency between MR-determined staging and surgicopathologic staging occurred in three of four pT1 tumors (75%), 10 of 13 pT2 tumors (77%), 17 of 19 pT3 tumors (90%), and eight of 10 pT4 tumors (80%); overall accuracy was 83%. Overall accuracy of regional lymph node involvement, as determined by enhanced MR, was 52%; 24 of 46 node groups were positive. Conclusions: Dynamic and delayed MR imaging can be useful for predicting depth of cancer invasion, perigastric infiltration (extraserosal invasion), and perigastric organ invasion by gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002619910003
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast T2-weighted liver MR imaging: comparison among breath-hold turbo-spin-echo, HASTE, and inversion recovery (IR) HASTE sequences (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Liver, neoplasms—Magnetic resonance, rapid imaging—Magnetic resonance, comparative studies—Magnetic resonance, pulse sequences.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of fast T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences on image quality, hepatic lesion detection, and lesion conspicuity. Methods: Three breath-hold, fast T2-weighted sequences with turbo-spin-echo (TSE), half-Fourier acquisition single-shot TSE (HASTE), and inversion recovery (IR) HASTE techniques were examined for 43 lesions in 20 consecutive patients. Evaluation was performed qualitatively on image quality and lesion detectability and quantitatively on lesion conspicuity by using lesion/liver signal-intensity and contrast-to-noise ratios. Results: Artifacts were significantly less present on the HASTE sequence (p 〈 0.01). Both TSE and HASTE sequences detected 39 lesions (91% each); the IR HASTE sequence detected 37 (86%). IR HASTE sequence showed a significantly higher signal-intensity ratio than did the others (p 〈 0.01). Conclusions: Breath-hold TSE versus breath-hold HASTE or IR HASTE is still the most robust sequence in lesion detection, image quality, and lesion conspicuity. However, the HASTE sequence offers good lesion detection and image quality, and the IR HASTE has a better signal-intensity ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002619910019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteolytic stability of recombinant human serum albumin secreted in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (2000), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  In order to direct the persistent expression of recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) from the GAL10 promoter in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we carried out periodic feeding of galactose during shake-flask cultures. Unexpectedly, the recombinant protein secreted was observed to undergo rapid degradation, which was apparently accelerated by carbon-source feeding. The extracellular degradation of HSA occurred even in the strain deficient in the major vacuolar proteases PrA and PrB, and in the strain lacking the acidic protease Yap3p (involved in the generation of HSA-truncated fragments). Interestingly, the degradation correlated closely with the acidification of extracellular pH and thus was significantly overcome either by buffering the culture medium above pH 5.0 or by adding amino acid-rich supplements to the culture medium, which could prevent the acidification of medium pH during cultivation. Addition of arginine or ammonium salt also substantially minimized the degradation of HSA, even without buffering. The extracellular degradation activity was not detected in the cell-free culture supernatant but was found to be associated with intact cells. The results of the present study strongly suggest that the HSA secreted in S. cerevisiae is highly susceptible to the pH-dependent proteolysis mediated by cell-bound protease(s) whose activity and expression are greatly affected by the composition of the medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051659
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dominated-type convergence theorem for the Feynman integral (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3104-3112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A dominated-type convergence theorem is proved for the operator-valued Feynman integral defined via the Trotter product formula. This definition is intimately related to the one of Feynman and the physical setting is the same as in his original paper. The convergence result given here provides the final piece of a unifying and rather satisfactory picture of three approaches to the Feynman integral. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533294
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