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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo inhibition of Aβ production by memapsin 2 (β-secretase) inhibitors (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 89 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously reported structure-based design of memapsin 2 (β-secretase) inhibitors with high potency. Here we show that two such inhibitors covalently linked to a ‘carrier peptide’ penetrated the plasma membrane in cultured cells and inhibited the production of β-amyloid (Aβ). Intraperitoneal injection of the conjugated inhibitors in transgenic Alzheimer's mice (Tg2576) resulted in a significant decrease of Aβ level in the plasma and brain. These observations verified that memapsin 2 is a therapeutic target for Aβ reduction and also establish that transgenic mice are suitable in vivo models for the study of memapsin 2 inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02452.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of musical expertise on the early right anterior negativity: An event-related brain potential study (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Event-related brain potentials in response to harmonically inappropriate chords were compared for musical experts and novices. Similar to previous studies, these chords elicited an early right anterior negativity (ERAN). The amplitude of the ERAN was clearly larger for musical experts than for novices, presumably because experts had more specific musical expectancies than novices. Chords with a physically deviant timbre elicited a mismatch negativity that did not differentiate the groups, indicating that the larger ERAN in experts was not due to a general enhanced auditory sensitivity. The ERAN reflects fast and automatic neural mechanisms that process complex musical (music-syntactic) irregularities, and the present results indicate that these mechanisms can be modulated by expertise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3950657
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Music matters: Preattentive musicality of the human brain (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: During listening to a musical piece, unexpected harmonies may evoke brain responses that are reflected electrically as an early right anterior negativity (ERAN) and a late frontal negativity (N5). In the present study we demonstrate that these components of the event-related potential can be evoked preattentively, that is, even when a musical stimulus is ignored. Both ERAN and N5 differed in amplitude as a function of music-theoretical principles. Participants had no special musical expertise; results thus provide evidence for an automatic processing of musical information in “nonmusicians.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3910038
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REPRODUCTION IN FEMALE MANATEES OBSERVED IN SARASOTA BAY, FLORIDA (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 17 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Resightings of recognizable individual Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris, in Sarasota Bay provided information on life history and reproductive parameters. These parameters have been documented at winter aggregation sites, but few data existed for Florida's west coast at non-winter sites. Life history data are needed to estimate annual reproduction and survival rates and construct population models for manatees along west central Florida. Observations of 113 recognizable manatees of known sex sighted between 1993 and 1997 indicated a 1: 1 sex ratio. Fifty-three females produced at least 55 calves during five years of observation. Two large, presumably sexually mature females were never observed with calves in over five years of monitoring. Not surprisingly, several reproductive parameters matched those measured in previous studies at winter sites with a mean of 1.8 seasons of calf dependence, 2.2 seasons between births, and age of sexual maturity at 3–4 yr. Birth rates, fecundity, and proportions of females with calves varied only slightly among investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01274.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-Cell Enforced Invariance of the Antibody Repertoire in the Immune Response Against a Bacterial Carbohydrate Antigen (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The humoral response against the bacterial polysaccharide antigen α(1→3) dextran (Dex) is controlled by J558 idiotype-(Id) specific T cells. These T cells of which the cell clone 178–4 Ts is a representative by all relevant criteria, recognize J558 Id-bearing B cells in an I-Ed-restricted manner. Costimulation via CD28/B7-1 but not via CD40/CD40L leads to T-cell activation. These T cells do not only suppress B cells producing the immunoglobulin (Ig)G3 isotype but also support the survival and clonal expansion of J558 Id positive B cells both in vivo and in vitro. This T-cell mediated dominance of the J558 idiotype limits the appearance of antibodies carrying other more diverse idiotypes which appear in immunized BALB/c nu/nu mice where no regulatory T cells occur. This T-cell mediated antibody invariance could be a strategy of the immune system responding to highly conserved antigens like polysaccharides, different from those against protein antigens, where diversity is assumed to be the basis for a successful response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00864.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Interleukin-4 in the Regulation of Sequential Isotype Switch from Immunoglobulin G1 to Immunoglobulin E Antibody Production (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The immunoglobulin (Ig)E immune response against protein antigens is profoundly influenced by the antigen dose used for immunization. Whereas immunization of CBA/J mice with low antigen doses results in the production of large amounts of IgE antibody, priming with high antigen doses leads to only marginal IgE antibody production in animals. However, in vitro restimulation of spleen cells from mice primed with high antigen doses leads to considerable activation of IgE-producing B cells, which suggests that B cells primed for IgE antibody production do exist among spleen cells. We investigated the modalities of activation of these memory B cells. The data presented here reveal that the anamnestic IgE immune response in vitro is strictly dependent on the presence of IgG1-expressing B cells, which differentiate after a sequential isotype switch into IgE-producing plasma cells with the help of primed CD4+ T cells. The induction of IgE-producing plasma cells requires a cognate interaction between B cells and CD4+ T cells. Interleukin (IL)-4 seems not to be involved in this process, since IgE production in vitro is resistant to suppression by anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody. Finally, we show that IgG1-expressing B cells represent a relevant memory cell population in vivo also, but in contrast to the in vitro situation the final differentiation into IgE-producing plasma cells is dependent on IL-4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00705.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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