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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 725-731 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Epidemiologie ; Pädiatrisch ; Notfall ; Outcome ; Prähospital ; Keywords Epidemiology ; Pediatric emergency ; Prehospital ; Outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectives. We studied the epidemiology and outcome of prehospital pediatric emergencies treated by a physician-staffed mobile intensive care unit (MICU). Methods. A 3-year retrospective analysis for the period 1991–1993. Results. Children under the age of 15 years comprised 5.1% of the patients treated by the MICU (372/7423), 87.4% of whom were not in a life-threatening condition. The most common emergencies were: trauma (30.4%), febrile seizure (27.7%), and subglottal laryngitis (12.6%). In 44.6% of cases there was no medical indication for the MICU. Intubation at the scene was required by 17 patients (4.6%), and 11 (3.0%) underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation following prehospital cardiac arrest; two children were successfully resuscitated but died in hospital. A total of 217 (61.3%) were admitted to the ward, 9 of these to a critical care unit. The average length of stay was 4.9 days, and 94.5% of patients were discharged in good health. Conclusion. Prehospital pediatric emergencies are rare and seldom life-threatening. Continuing education in pediatric emergency care is important for emergency physicians.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung. Ziel der Studie war, Epidemiologie und Outcome prähospitaler kindlicher Notfälle zu erfassen, die durch ein städtisches Notarztsystem versorgt wurden. Methodik. Retrospektive 3-Jahres-Analyse. Ergebnisse. Während der 3-jährigen Periode wurden 372 Kinder bis zum 14. Lebensjahr erstversorgt (5,1% der Gesamteinsätze, n=7324). Häufige Notfälle waren Trauma (30,4%), Fieberkrampf (27,7%) und Pseudokrupp (12,6%). 44,6% der Einsätze stellten keine Notarztindikation dar; 87,4% der Kinder waren nicht vital bedroht. 17 Kinder (4,6%) wurden prähospital intubiert, 11 (3,0%) wurden wegen eines Herz-Kreislaufstillstands reanimiert, 2 davon erfolgreich, jedoch keine Überlebenden. 217 Kinder (61,3%) wurden stationär aufgenommen, 9 auf einer Intensivstation. Die durchschnittliche Behandlungsdauer der aufgenommenen Kinder war 4,9 Tage. 94,5% der Kinder verließen das Spital geheilt. Schlussfolgerungen. Kindernotfälle sind im Notarztdienst selten und häufig ohne vitale Bedrohung. Konsequente Aus- und Fortbildung des Notarzts in pädiatrischer Notfallmedizin ist wichtig. Die Einführung eines eigenen Kindernotarztwagens in einer mittelgroßen Stadt erscheint nicht vertretbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 3720-3725 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electron density and the electron temperature in a low-pressure neon mercury positive column are determined using Thomson scattering. Special attention has been given to the stray light reduction in the Thomson scattering setup. The results are obtained in a discharge tube with a 26 mm diam, 10 mbar of neon, a mercury pressure inbetween 0.14 and 0.85 Pa, and an electric current ranging from 100 to 400 mA. The systematic error in the electron density is 15%–45%, the statistical error is 25%–35%. The total error in the electron temperature is 15%–35%. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 2007-2014 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: One of the biggest problems in performing Thomson scattering experiments in low-density plasmas is the very high stray light intensity in comparison with the Thomson scattering intensity. This problem is especially present in fluorescent lamps because of the proximity of the glass tube. We propose an atomic notch filter in combination with a dye laser and an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) filter as a way of reducing this stray light level. The dye laser produces 589 nm radiation which is guided through the ASE filter that increases the spectral purity. The beam is then guided in the fluorescent lamp, where the Thomson scattering process takes place. The scattered light is collected and guided through a sodium vapor absorption cell, where the stray light is absorbed because it is resonant to the D2 transition of sodium. The spectral width of the Thomson scattering light is large enough to be transmitted through the absorption cell. In this way we only measure the Thomson scattering light. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 3899-3904 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electron density and the electron temperature in a low-pressure argon mercury positive column are determined using Thomson scattering. Special attention has been given to the stray light reduction in the Thomson scattering setup. The results are obtained in a discharge tube with a 26 mm diam, 5 mbar of argon, a mercury pressure in between 0.14 and 1.7 Pa, and an electric current ranging from 200 to 400 mA. The systematic error in the electron density is 15%, the statistical error is 25%. The total error in the electron temperature is 10%–20%. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 1733-1741 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Under certain discharge conditions, radial cataphoresis causes significant mercury depletion in a low-pressure neon–mercury positive column. This depletion can result in the addition of neon radiation to the emission spectrum of the column. The addition of neon radiation can be used to change the color of fluorescent lamps. In order to investigate the radial cataphoresis process, we performed spatially resolved emission measurements. For the relevant spectral lines of mercury and neon, the emission coefficient is determined, along with the density of the upper state of the corresponding transition. Absorption measurements are performed to check the amount of self-absorption of the spectral lines. We present emission and density profiles for various discharge conditions. The obtained results can be understood using an approximate description of the radial cataphoresis process. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2252-2262 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Plasma addressed liquid crystal (PALC) is a promising technology for large size flat display devices, which uses gas discharges as electrical switches for the addressing of a liquid crystal (LC) layer. This work presents a comprehensive two-dimensional fluid model, that we developed for the simulation of the microdischarges occurring in PALC displays. The model comprises continuity equations and drift-diffusion equations for plasma particle species, a balance equation for the electron energy, and Poisson's equation for the electric field. Using this model, we succeeded in simulating the full PALC operation, reproducing a series of discharge pulses and afterglows in three consecutive PALC discharge channels. Results are presented for helium and helium–hydrogen mixtures. The results include: calculated particle densities, current–voltage curves, plasma decay times, surface charges, and LC transmission profiles. The influence of electrical crosstalk between adjacent channels is demonstrated.© 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2240-2245 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work we present simple theoretical predictions as well as full Monte Carlo calculations of the energy distribution of the ion and fast neutral fluxes impinging on the materials that surround the microdischarges in plasma display panels and plasma addressed liquid crystal displays. We consider various rare gas ion species in different microdischarge designs. Often simple theoretical distribution functions are in good agreement with the results of Monte Carlo calculations. Under the influence of symmetric charge transfer collisions the ion energy distribution is essentially different from a Maxwellian distribution, and the ion motion is strongly orientated along the electric field. The flux of the fast neutrals formed by symmetric charge transfer is usually even larger than the ion flux itself. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1528-1530 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a promising option for changing the emission spectrum of a fluorescent lamp. In a neon/mercury discharge, neon radiation is produced when the mercury density is sufficiently low. Under certain discharge conditions, radial cathaphoresis causes depletion of mercury atoms in the center of the plasma. This effect is especially well pronounced at high electrical currents and low mercury pressures. We measured the color temperature of a fluorescent lamp containing a neon/mercury discharge at several mercury pressures and currents. The color temperature of this lamp varied from 4000 to 2100 K. We also performed ultraviolet absorption measurements. From these measurements, we obtained the mercury atom density profile in the discharge. A significant decrease of the mercury density in the center of the plasma is indeed observed under certain discharge conditions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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