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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled growth factor release from synthetic extracellular matrices (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 998-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Polymeric matrices can be used to grow new tissues and organs, and the delivery of growth factors from these matrices is one method to regenerate tissues. A problem with engineering tissues that exist in a mechanically dynamic environment, such as bone, muscle and blood vessels, is that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35050141
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Renal Vascular Resistance In Zinc-Deficient Rats: Role Of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Zinc deficiency (ZD) induces many kinds of pathological states. However, the effects of ZD on haemodynamics remain unclear. In the present study, we measured mean blood pressure (BP) and renal blood flow (RBF) under anaesthesia and calculated renal vascular resistance (RVR) from these parameters in rats maintained on a ZD diet (0.5 p.p.m. zinc) for 4 weeks.2. Zinc deficiency did not change mean BP, but significantly reduced RBF and increased RVR (each P 〈 0.01). In addition, these effects of ZD were reversible.3. Because Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a zinc-containing enzyme and superoxide is a potent scavenger of nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator, we hypothesized that one of the mechanisms by which ZD increases RVR is by decreasing NO bioavailability by the enhanced formation of superoxide due to low Cu/Zn SOD activity. To test this hypothesis, we observed the roles of NO and superoxide in the mechanism, after having confirmed the low activity of Cu/Zn SOD in the kidneys of ZD rats.4. Administration of the SOD mimetic tempol (5 mg/kg per min) decreased RVR to a significantly greater extent in ZD rats compared with control, suggesting that superoxide was responsible for the mechanism. Low doses of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 2.0 µg/kg per min, continuous) decreased RVR to a significantly smaller extent in ZD rats compared with control, whereas a high dose of SNP (0.75 mg/kg, bolus) decreased RVR to a significantly greater extent in ZD rats compared with control, suggesting that the mechanism includes an inhibition of NO activity in ZD, which is most likely to be a scavenging of NO by the activated superoxide.5. In summary, ZD may increase RVR. The mechanism probably includes changes in NO and superoxide activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03783.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of integrin-associated protein (IAP) mRNA expression during memory consolidation in rat hippocampus (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously demonstrated that hippocampal integrin-associated protein (IAP) gene expression is associated with memory formation in a one-way inhibitory avoidance learning in rats. In the present study, we further investigated the role and mechanism of IAP involved in memory consolidation in rats. Because of the minute amount of IAP present in the brain, we have adopted the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Our results revealed that hippocampal IAP mRNA expression is approximately fourfold higher in rats showing good memory retention (GM, retention score of 600 s) at 3 h, but not at other time points, after training when compared with the poor memory rats (retention score 〈 80 s). On the other hand, integrin αv mRNA level was markedly increased (∼ twofold), while integrin β3 mRNA level was decreased (∼ 50%) at 1 h post-training. Further, separate sets of RT-PCR analysis revealed that IAP5 and IAP6 mRNA expressions, but not that of IAP7, were markedly increased in GM rats 3 h post-training. Moreover, regional distribution studies revealed that different isoforms of the IAP gene are similarly distributed in different brain areas, while IAP7 has been the predominant form present in astrocyte cells. These results together suggest that IAP mRNA expression is indeed induced upon training, rather than that the GM rats have constitutively higher levels of IAP. The unparallel change of IAP and integrin mRNA expressions as far as time-course is concerned suggests that they are possibly involved in different forms and stages of memory processing. Further, IAP5 and IAP6 are more closely associated with memory consolidation, while IAP7 may constitute the major isotype for signal transduction in astrocyte cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00985.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OPTIMAL SHOUTING POLICIES OF OPTIONS WITH STRIKE RESET RIGHT (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishers, Inc.
    Mathematical finance 14 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The reset right embedded in an option contract is the privilege given to the option holder to reset certain terms in the contract according to specified rules at the moment of shouting, where the time to shout is chosen optimally by the holder. For example, a shout option with strike reset right entitles its holder to choose the time to take ownership of an at-the-money option. This paper develops the theoretical framework of analyzing the optimal shouting policies to be adopted by the holder of an option with reset right on the strike price. It is observed that the optimal shouting policy depends on the time dependent behaviors of the expected discounted value of the at-the-money option received upon shouting. During the time period when the theta of the expected discounted value of the new option received is positive, it is never optimal for the holder to shout at any level of asset value. At those times when the theta is negative, we show that there exists a threshold value for the asset price above which the holder of a reset put option should shout optimally. For the shout floor, we obtain an analytic representation of the price function. For the reset put option, we derive the integral representation of the shouting right premium and analyze the asymptotic behaviors of the optimal shouting boundaries at time close to expiry and infinite time from expiry. We also provide numerical results for the option values and shouting boundaries using the binomial scheme and recursive integration method. Accuracy and run time efficiency of these two numerical schemes are compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0960-1627.2004.00196.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUANTO LOOKBACK OPTIONS (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishers, Inc.
    Mathematical finance 14 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The lookback feature in a quanto option refers to the payoff structure where the terminal payoff of the quanto option depends on the realized extreme value of either the stock price or the exchange rate. In this paper, we study the pricing models of European and American lookback options with the quanto feature. The analytic price formulas for two types of European-style quanto lookback options are derived. The success of the analytic tractability of these quanto lookback options depends on the availability of a succinct analytic representation of the joint density function of the extreme value and terminal value of the stock price and exchange rate. We also analyze the early exercise policies and pricing behaviors of the quanto lookback options with the American feature. The early exercise boundaries of these American quanto lookback options exhibit properties that are distinctive from other two-state American option models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0960-1627.2004.00199.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors in Taiwanese Firms' Decisions to Adopt Electronic Commerce: An Empirical Study (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    The @world economy 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00486
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    R&D Productivity and the Spillover Effects of High-tech Industry on the Traditional Manufacturing Sector: The Case of Taiwan (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This study sets out to estimate the impact of R&D on productivity within the private sector, with further analysis of the different impacts of R&D within high-tech and traditional manufacturing firms. We also attempt to examine the spillover effects from R&D investment in the high-tech sector on productivity growth within the traditional industries. Using a sample of 136 large manufacturing firms during the period 1994–2000, we develop an extended version of the Cobb-Douglas production function model, and our findings suggest that Taiwan's R&D investment had a significant impact on firm productivity growth, with output elasticity standing at around 0.18. When the sample is divided into high-tech and traditional firms, the R&D output elasticity in high-tech firms is significantly greater than that found in traditional firms. In addition, the average rate of return in high-tech firms is much greater than that estimated for other industries. Besides, our empirical results show that, although significant, the impact of R&D investment from the high-tech sector, on the productivity growth of traditional firms, is rather limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00666.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The R&D performance in Taiwan's electronics industry: a longitudinal examination (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    R & D management 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: R&D investment has been widely regarded as an important input for firms, particularly for high-tech firms, to achieve competitive advantage within their industry. Hence, a number of high-tech firms are now investing substantial amounts into R&D. Since R&D efforts enable firms to raise the competitive advantage, one noticeable and interesting issue expected to know is the degree to which R&D investment influences firm output performance. In Taiwan, much greater emphasis is also being placed into R&D investment in the high-tech industries; however, R&D output performance has never been seriously examined within this sector. Since the island's electronics industry is widely regarded as the most promising industry in the ‘high-tech sector’, and is expected to place greatest emphasis on its R&D efforts, we take the electronics firms as our analytical sample.This paper therefore sets out to estimate the impact of R&D on firm performance, in terms of productivity growth and the rate of return on investment, within the electronics industry in Taiwan, whilst also examining the Schumpeterian hypothesis, that R&D performance is an increasing function of firm size. Our examination of R&D performance is based on a panel sample of 83 large electronics firms, completely balanced over the period from 1994 to 2000, with series data of R&D capital also being constructed. Based upon the extended Cobb-Douglas production function, a random effects model is developed with the estimations revealing that the output elasticity of R&D is around 0.19 and the average rate of return on R&D is around 22%. These findings clearly demonstrate that investment in R&D by these electronics firms has had an impact on their competitive advantage. Compared to the findings of previous studies, where the analytical unit of data was at firm level, here the rate of return on R&D is consistent with similar estimates for the US and UK, but lower than those for Japan. However, our estimations do not provide support for the hypothesis that the impact of R&D on productivity is an increasing function of firm size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2004.00332.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Goodman, David G.: Angura: Posters of the Japanese Avant-Garde : New York, Princeton Architectural Press, 1999 (2001)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    New theatre quarterly 17 (2001), S. 296-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0266-464X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266464X00014895
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative injury to the locus coeruleus of rat brain: neuroprotection by melatonin (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of pineal research 35 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Neurodegeneration in the locus coeruleus (LC) has been documented in several central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, iron-induced oxidative injury in the LC was investigated in chloral-hydrate anesthetized rats. Three days after bilateral infusion of iron in the LC, both vertical and horizontal locomotor activities were decreased. Seven days after unilateral infusion of iron, lipid peroxidation was elevated in the infused LC, and the norepinephrine content was depleted in the ipsilateral hippocampus of the brain. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical study demonstrated a reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the infused LC. The involvement of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in iron-induced oxidative injury in the LC was investigated. Forty-eight hours after iron infusion, cytosolic cytochrome c was elevated in the infused LC. Moreover, terminal deoxytransferase-mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, an indicative of apoptosis, were detected in the infused LC. In an attempt to prevent oxidative injury in the LC, melatonin was systemically administered. Intraperitoneal injection of melatonin attenuated iron-induced behavioral changes in locomotor activity as well as iron-induced increases in cytosolic cytochrome c and TUNEL-positive cells. Moreover, melatonin diminished iron-induced oxidative injury. At the same time, the level of glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was elevated in the LC of melatonin-treated rats. Our data suggests that oxidative stress because of iron results in apoptosis in the infused LC and causes degeneration of the coeruleohippocampal noradrenergic system in the rat brain. Furthermore, melatonin, among other mechanisms, may exert its neuroprotection via up-regulation of GDNF levels in CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.00063.x
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