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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Subcutaneous IL-2 Therapy on Telomere Lengths in PBMC in HIV-Infected Patients (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study we investigated the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on mean terminal restriction fragment (TRF) lengths in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Ten human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals were included and IL-2 was administered subcutaneously with 3 × 106 IU three times a week for 24 weeks. Mean TRF length was decreased on average by 267 bp at week 4 (P = 0.03) and 286 bp at week 8 (P = 0.09). Individual TRF changes at weeks 12, 16, 20 and 24 were highly variable. However, in the 12 weeks following therapy, TRF lengths generally increased reaching baseline levels by the end of the study. At baseline, mean TRF lengths were positively correlated to the ratio of naïve and memory phenotype within both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. This study shows that IL-2 treatment induces transient shortened mean TRF lengths in PBMC from HIV-infected individuals, indicating that IL-2 enhances the lymphocyte count by peripheral proliferation or recruitment of memory T cells into the blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00876.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the T-helper 2-specific chemokine receptor CCR4 on CCR10-positive lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis skin but not in psoriasis skin (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are inflammatory skin diseases. AD is generally perceived as a T-helper (Th) 2-dominated disease whereas psoriasis is a Th1-dominated disease. The chemokine cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine (CTACK) and its receptor CCR10 attract skin-homing lymphocytes to inflamed skin, suggesting that CCR10+ cells in AD and psoriasis should be of Th2 and Th1 type, respectively. The chemokine receptor CCR4 is expressed selectively on Th2 lymphocytes and its ligand thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is upregulated in AD lesions, suggesting that the CCR10+ cells in AD lesions should also express CCR4.Objectives  To examine the coexpression of CCR10 and CCR4 on skin-invading lymphocytes in AD and psoriasis lesions as well as the Th1/Th2 cytokine expression of the CCR10+ lymphocytes.Methods  Skin biopsies from AD and psoriasis patients were double stained with antibodies against CCR10–CCR4, CCR10–CCR5, CCR10–interleukin (IL)-2 and CCR10–IL-4.Results  The CCR10+ cells in AD showed a mixed IL-2/IL-4 expression pattern, and a minor proportion expressed CCR4, whereas a large proportion of the CCR4+ cells did not express CCR10. In psoriasis the CCR10+ cells only expressed IL-2, and no CCR4 expression was detected.Conclusions  The CCR10+ lymphocytes invading the skin in AD and psoriasis have different Th1/Th2 profiles, as measured by both their cytokine and chemokine receptor expression. This suggests that the CCR10+ subpopulation of lymphocytes is made up of different Th1/Th2 subsets. However, the Th1/Th2 lymphocytes of AD and psoriasis were either CCR10+ or CCR10–, suggesting that both the Th1 and Th2 subpopulation can be subdivided further. CCR4 was found only in AD skin and on both CCR10+ and CCR10– cells, supporting the hypothesis of TARC and CTACK as being independent lymphocyte-attracting chemokines in AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05505.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TNFα and IFNγ potentiate IL-1β induced mitogen activated protein kinase activity in rat pancreatic islets of Langerhans (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1389-1396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords c-jun N-terminal kinase, cytokines, ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, JNK, MAPK, p38, SAPK, signalling.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in synergy with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) is cytotoxic to pancreatic beta cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity that is induced by interleukin-1 beta has been suggested to signal nitric oxide-dependent as well as nitric oxide-independent beta-cell destructive pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate if TNFα and IFNγ signal through mitogen-activated protein kinases in isolated rat islets of Langerhans and if they potentiate mitogen-activated protein kinase activity induced by IL-1β.¶Methods. Islets of Langerhans were isolated from 5- to 7-day-old Wistar rats and precultured for 7 days before stimulation with IL-1β, TNFα and/or IFNγ for 20 min followed by lysis. Kinase activity was measured with a whole cell lysate kinase assay and after immunoprecipitation of the kinase using immunocomplex kinase assay.¶Results. Exposure to IL-1β or TNFα significantly increased mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, whereas IFNγ tended to decrease extracellular-signal-regulated kinase activity. Further, TNFα and IFNγ were found to synergistically increase mitogen-activated protein kinase activity induced by IL-1β.¶Conclusion/interpretation. We hypothesise that the synergistic effect of IL-1β, TNFα and IFNγ in the functional inhibition and induction of cell death in pancreatic beta cells is signalled through a synergistic activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1389–1396].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051544
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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