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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic Source Characteristics of Nine Strong Earthquakes from 1988 to 1990 and Earthquake Activity since 1970 in the Sichuan-Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Zone of China (2000)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 157 (2000), S. 1423-1443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: Sichuan-Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet), seismic source, rupture, earthquake activity, single-link cluster.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Qinghai and Xizang (Tibet) are situated in a very active seismic zone. From 1988 to 1990, nine strong earthquakes (M 〉 5.9) occurred in these provinces. A method of analyzing seismic waveforms using apparent source time functions (aSTF) and apparent time differences (aTD) is adopted to derive rupture characteristics for the strong earthquakes. Combining the source characteristics with aftershock data, regional tectonics and geology, this paper examines the migration of strong earthquakes. The Qinghai earthquakes in this study were found to have strong reverse-slip faulting, which is different from the strike-slip focal mechanisms of past earthquakes in the region. The steepness of compressional axes of Sichuan earthquakes is related to the local complicated tectonics. Finally, the single-link cluster (SLC) method is used to analyze the spatial-temporal behavior of the all strong earthquakes that occurred in the region since 1970. The SLC analysis suggests that the patterns of earthquake activity can be identified well and that continental earthquakes occur seemingly with basic regularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001127
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of carbonate rock weathering to the atmospheric CO2 sink (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 1053-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Carbonate rock weathering ; Soil CO2 ; Atmospheric CO2 sink
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract To accurately predict future CO2 levels in the atmosphere, which is crucial in predicting global climate change, the sources and sinks of the atmospheric CO2 and their change over time must be determined. In this paper, some typical cases are examined using published and unpublished data. Firstly, the sensitivity of carbonate rock weathering (including the effects by both dissolution and reprecipitation of carbonate) to the change of soil CO2 and runoff will be discussed, and then the net amount of CO2 removed from the atmosphere in the carbonate rock areas of mainland China and the world will be determined by the hydrochem-discharge and carbonate-rock-tablet methods, to obtain an estimate of the contribution of carbonate rock weathering to the atmospheric CO2 sink. These contributions are about 0.018 billion metric tons of carbon/a and 0.11 billion metric tons of carbon/a for China and the world, respectively. Further, by the DBL (Diffusion Boundary Layer)-model calculation, the potential CO2 sink by carbonate rock dissolution is estimated to be 0.41 billion metric tons of carbon/a for the world. Therefore, the potential CO2 source by carbonate reprecipitation is 0.3 billion metric tons of carbon/a.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and interpretation of instantaneous turbulent velocity fields (2000)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 29 (2000), S. 275-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Methods of analyzing and interpreting velocity-field data (both two- and three-dimensional) to understand the kinematics, dynamics, and scales of turbulence are discussed. Reynolds decomposition and vorticity are traditionally used; however, several other methods, including Galilean (constant convection velocity) and LES decompositions (low-pass filtering), in conjunction with critical-point analysis of the local velocity gradient tensor, reveal more about the structure of turbulence. Once the small-scale structures have been identified, it is necessary to assess their importance to the overall dynamics of the turbulence by visualizing the motions they induce and the stresses they impose both on other small-scale vortices and on the larger-scale field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003489900087
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastic membrane electrode for the potentiometric determination of pethidine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 368 (2000), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A novel poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode with dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer based on the pethidine-tetraphenylborate ion-association complex as ion-exchange site for the determination of pethidine hydrochloride in injections and tablets was developed. A linear response for 1 × 10–5 to 1 × 10–2 mol/L drug with a slope of 51.77 mV/decade was established. The optimum ¶pH range was 2–8. The lower detection limit was 2.18 × 10–6 mol/L. There were negligible interferences from a number of inorganic and organic cations and some common drug excipients. The electrode proposed had been successfully applied to determine pethidine hydrochloride in tablets and injections. The results correlated well with those obtained by the United States Pharmacopoeia standard procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000463
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preference Mapping of Commercial Toasted White Corn Tortilla Chips (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : This study was conducted to identify what constitutes consumer preference for and acceptance of white corn tortilla chips. Consumer overall acceptance of tortill chips was modeled by consumer data for acceptance of appearance, flavor, and texture and by descriptive sensory and/or instrumental data. Internal preference mapping (R2= 0.99) showed that flavor was the most important attribute to consumer overall acceptance followed by texture and appearance. The basic salt attribute and aftertaste attributes of salt, raw masa, and toasted grain aftertastes were important to consumer flavor acceptance, and the attributes of crispness, loose particles, hardness and oily/greasy film were responsible for consumer acceptance of texture. One appearance descriptive attribute (char marks) and 1 instrumental color measurement (a) were significantly related to consumer acceptance of appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08751.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of ECR ion sources in China (invited) : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 646-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recent development of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources in China is reviewed. Emphasis is put on high charge state ECR ion sources which have been mainly developed in China by Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). Presently two ECR ion sources built by IMP for highly charged ion beams are put into operation for cyclotrons and atomic physics research. The development of high charge state ECR ion sources at IMP has progressed with a new magnetic field configuration, better condition for extraction of highly charged ions, high mirror magnetic field, large plasma volume, and special techniques to provide extra cold electrons. These techniques greatly enhance the production of highly charged ions from IMP ECR ion sources. So far more than 185 eμA of Ar11+ and 50 eμA of Xe26+ were produced by the IMP ECR ion sources. The metallic ion beam production was tested and the first beam 40Ca11+ was provided to the cyclotrons at IMP. The beam intensity of 40Ca11+ could reach 130 eμA. The next part of this article will report the latest progress of 2.45 GHz ECR ion sources in China. A 2.45 GHz compact permanent magnet proton ion source was designed and constructed by IMP. A new microwave feeding system is applied on this ion source. The ion source is able to deliver 90 mA of mixed ion beam (H1++H2++H3+) after preliminary commissioning. The article also mentions a small 2.45 GHz ECR ion source which was built by Sichuan University and used for industry applications. The dependence of plasma density and electron temperature on radio frequency power, neutral gas pressure, and different microwave windows was measured by a Langmuir probe on this ion source. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150337
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shocks associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz-resistive instability (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2842-2848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, a new type of shock associated with magnetic reconnection processes has been explored using a compressible magnetohydrodynamics simulation method. The simulations have shown that, when there are strong field-aligned shear flows at the two sides of a current sheet, the coupling mode between Kelvin–Helmholtz and resistive instabilities will appear; further, reflected shocks and incident shocks can be produced at both sides of the boundary layer. Both the reflected shocks and incident shocks are fast shocks, through which the magnetic field strength, density, and temperature all increase sharply, while the plasma velocity decreases steeply. It is expected that some inhomogeneous structures can be formed at plasma boundary layer regions due to the existence of fast field-aligned shear flow driven shocks. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874133
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Materials Creating the narrowest carbon nanotubes (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 384-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The properties of carbon nanotubes depend on their diameter and on the two integers (m,n) that describe their roll-up vector. The smallest nanotube reported previously had a diameter of 0.7 nm, the same as that of a C60 structure, although nanotubes with a diameter of 0.4 nm have ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35000290
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na,K-ATPase α3 subunit in the goldfish retina during optic nerve regeneration (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 80 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The goldfish optic nerve can regenerate after injury. To understand the molecular mechanism of optic nerve regrowth, we identified genes whose expression is specifically up-regulated during the early stage of optic nerve regeneration. A cDNA library constructed from goldfish retina 5 days after transection was screened by differential hybridization with cDNA probes derived from axotomized or normal retina. Of six cDNA clones isolated, one clone was identified as the␣Na,K-ATPase catalytic subunit α3 isoform by high- sequence homology. In northern hybridization, the expression level of the mRNA was significantly increased at 2 days and peaked at 5–10 days, and then gradually decreased and returned to control level by 45 days after optic nerve transection. Both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining have revealed the location of this transient retinal change after optic nerve transection. The increased expression was observed only in the ganglion cell layer and optic nerve fiber layer at 5–20 days after optic nerve transection. In an explant culture system, neurite outgrowth from the retina 7 days after optic nerve transection was spontaneously promoted. A low concentration of ouabain (50–100 nm) completely blocked the spontaneous neurite outgrowth from the lesioned retina. Together, these data indicate that up-regulation of the Na,K-ATPase α3 subunit is involved in the regrowth of ganglion cell axons after axotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-3042.2002.00771.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time series analysis of jaw muscle contraction and tissue deformation during mastication in miniature pigs (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  Masticatory muscle contraction causes both jaw movement and tissue deformation during function. Natural chewing data from 25 adult miniature pigs were studied by means of time series analysis. The data set included simultaneous recordings of electromyography (EMG) from bilateral masseter (MA), zygomaticomandibularis (ZM) and lateral pterygoid muscles, bone surface strains from the left squamosal bone (SQ), condylar neck (CD) and mandibular corpus (MD), and linear deformation of the capsule of the jaw joint measured bilaterally using differential variable reluctance transducers. Pairwise comparisons were examined by calculating the cross-correlation functions. Jaw-adductor muscle activity of MA and ZM was found to be highly cross-correlated with CD and SQ strains and weakly with MD strain. No muscle's activity was strongly linked to capsular deformation of the jaw joint, nor were bone strains and capsular deformation tightly linked. Homologous muscle pairs showed the greatest synchronization of signals, but the signals themselves were not significantly more correlated than those of non-homologous muscle pairs. These results suggested that bone strains and capsular deformation are driven by different mechanical regimes. Muscle contraction and ensuing reaction forces are probably responsible for bone strains, whereas capsular deformation is more likely a product of movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01156.x
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