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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 263 (2000), S. 99-101 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words Leptin ; Menstrual cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Leptin is a cytokine involved in the regulation of food intake and fertility in rodents and in humans. No data exist about serum leptin serum levels during the spontaneous menstrual cycle. In this study 16 ovulatory cycles of endocrinologically normal volunteers were analyzed. Blood samples were taken on alternate days throughout the menstrual cycle for measurement of serum estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH and leptin serum levels. No correlation of leptin values with estradiol values (r = 0.07) or progesterone values (r = 0.14) were seen. Mean leptin values during the luteal phase were significantly higher (16.67 ± 9.45 ng/mL) compared to the follicular phase (13.50 ± 8.75 ng/mL) (P 〈 0.02). A strongly positive correlation with the progression of the menstrual cycle could be seen (r = 0.91). The physiological significance of higher luteal phase leptin levels is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Remodelling of the asthmatic airway includes increased deposition of proteoglycan (PG) molecules. One of the stimuli driving airway remodelling may be excessive mechanical stimulation.Objective We hypothesized that fibroblasts from asthmatic patients would respond to excessive mechanical strain with up-regulation of message for PGs.Methods We obtained fibroblasts from asthmatic patients (AF) and normal volunteers (NF) using endobronchial biopsy. Cells were maintained in culture until the fifth passage and then grown on a flexible collagen-coated membrane. Using the Flexercell device, cells were then subjected to cyclic stretch at 30% amplitude at 1 Hz for 24 h. Control cells were unstrained. Total RNA was extracted from the cell layer and quantitative RT-PCR performed for decorin, lumican and versican mRNA.Results In unstrained cells, the expression of decorin mRNA was greater in AF than NF. With strain, NF showed increased expression of versican mRNA and AF showed increased expression of versican and decorin mRNA. The relative increase in versican mRNA expression with strain was greater in AF than NF.Conclusions These data support the hypothesis that proteoglycan message is increased in asthmatic fibroblasts subject to mechanical strain. This finding has implications for the mechanisms governing airway wall remodelling in asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypothalamic magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of mammals are among the best understood of all peptidergic neurones, and therefore serve as a model for understanding the functions of other peptidergic neurones. The release of vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing neurosecretory vesicles from their dendrites was first established 15 years ago. This local release is now known to have many functions, including controlling the interactions between oxytocin neurones and their surrounding glia, and facilitating and inhibiting the electrical activation of the neurones. Technical advances now permit dynamic analysis of dendritic release. Here, we review recent studies that focus on the conditional priming of dendritic peptide release by peptide-induced liberation of intracellular calcium, and the role of dendritic protein synthesis in the dendritic peptide release and the control of receptive properties of the neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 12 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of electrically evoked dendritic vasopressin release on noradrenaline release into the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus was assessed by in vivo microdialysis in conjunction with high pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Electrical activation of magnocellular supraoptic neurones by stimulation of their axons at the level of the neural lobe significantly increased noradrenaline release into the nucleus (2.5-fold, P〈0.03). This increase was completely blocked by administration of a nonpeptide vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist via the microdialysis probe. These data suggest that dendritically released vasopressin facilitates noradrenaline release into the hypothalamic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyses the first reaction in the C4 photosynthetic pathway, the conversion of atmospheric CO2 to bicarbonate in the mesophyll cytosol. To examine the importance of the enzyme to the functioning of the C4 photosynthetic pathway, Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, a C4 dicot, was genetically transformed with an antisense construct in which the cDNA encoding a putative cytosolic CA (CA3) was placed under the control of a constitutive promoter. Some of the primary transformants had impaired CO2 assimilation rates and required high CO2 for growth. The T1 progeny of four primary transformants were used to examine the quantitative relationship between leaf CA activity and CO2 assimilation rate. CA activity was determined in leaf extracts with a mass spectrometric technique that measured the rate of 18O exchange from doubly labelled 13C18O2. Steady-state CO2 assimilation rates were unaffected by a decrease in CA activity until CA activity was less than 20% of wild type when they decreased steeply. Transformants with less than 10% of wild-type CA activity had very low CO2 assimilation rates and grew poorly at ambient CO2 partial pressure. Reduction in CA activity also increased the CO2 partial pressure required to saturate CO2 assimilation rates. The present data show that CA activity is essential for the functioning of the C4 photosynthetic pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In human brain tissue, cortisol action, at basal concentrations, is mediated by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). An in-frame insertion of 12 bp in the MR-DNA-binding domain due to alternative splice site usage between exons 3 and 4 results in an MR mRNA splice variant (MR+4) encoding a receptor protein with four additional amino acids compared to the wild-type MR protein. To elucidate the questions of sex, age, and/or tissue dependent differences of the relative amount of the two mRNA subtypes, we examined 131 fresh human brain tissue samples from temporal and frontal lobe or hippocampus. One hundred and twenty samples were obtained from patients with epilepsy and 11 samples from patients with brain tumours. A small but signi®cant difference of the MR+4 mRNA splice variant proportions in cortex (9.5t0.8%) and subcortical white matter (6.6t0.7%) of the temporal lobe could be detected, indicating differential MR splice variant expression within these brain areas. Moreover, the splice variant ratios in samples of the temporal lobe cortex collected from patients with epilepsy differed from samples of patients with brain tumours. These data point to an altered expression of the MR splice variants in epilepsy, and strengthen the supposition of a tissue speci®c alternative splicing of the MR mRNA. The frequent occurence of the MR+4 transcript raises the question of its functional signi®cance. For this reason, an MR+4 DNA-binding-domain structure model was generated by computer-based homology modelling based on the known glucocorticoid receptor structure. The data obtained revealed no distorting effect of the inserted four amino acids on the adjacent secondary structures, thereby suggesting that both zinc ®ngers retain their function. The resulting structure of the MR+4 model leads to the supposition that the receptor retains its function. Moreover, databank analysis with respect to this kind of steroid receptor variation and our own sequence data of the closely related progesterone receptor sustained the hypothesis that only corticosteroid receptors were affected by this alternative splicing event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ICSI ; Intrazytoplasmatische Spermieninjektion ; Pränataldiagnostik ; Amniozentese ; Genetische Sonographie ; Follow-up ; Keywords ICSI ; Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ; Prenatal diagnosis ; Amniocentesis ; Genetic sonography ; Follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the most effective, invasive means of treating infertility. Since couples undergoing ICSI have a higher genetic risk than the general population, these genetic factors have to be taken into account (e.g., structural and numeric chromosomal aberrations or cystic fibrosis mutations). Only a small number of studies have satisfactorily evaluated the risk of de novo chromosomal aberrations in the offspring of such couples following an ICSI treatment. In these studies it was suspected that a higher risk of gonosomal aberrations was already present. This is – most likely – also a consequence of the underlying genetic risk in these couples. However, generally advising these women to submit to an invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure does not to be the correct conclusion from these data. Instead, pregnant women should be counseled about the possibilities as well as limitations of invasive and noninvasive prenatal diagnostic procedures. Counseling should be conducted on an individual basis. A noninvasive approach of prenatal diagnosis includes nuchal translucency screening towards the end of the first trimester as well as a detailed ultrasound examination in the second trimester. After critical analysis of all available data on pregnancies and births following ICSI, there does not seem to be any cause to counsel the couples about a higher rate of maior malformations in their offspring as a consequence of ICSI. Furthermore, the development of these children in the first 2 years of life is – insofar as has been evaluated – normal in comparison to the general population. However, further studies should be conducted in the future, to collect more data, which should help in counseling the prospective parents.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die intrazytoplasmatische Spermieninjektion (ICSI) stellt ein Maximum der Sterilitätsbehandlung dar. Aufgrund der Ursachen der männlichen Subfertilität, für die diese Behandlung primär eingesetzt wird, müssen diverse genetische Risiken bedacht werden, die die behandelten Paare in einem erheblich höheren Maße tragen als die Allgemeinbevölkerung. Dazu gehören neben strukturellen und numerischen chromosomalen Aberrationen z. B. eine erhöhte Inzidenz an Mukoviszidosemutationen. Eine Stammbaumanalyse zur differenzierten genetischen Beratung dieser Paare ist für die Einschätzung des individuellen Risikos notwendig. Wenige Studien besitzen eine ausreichende Qualität, um das Risiko neu auftretender chromosomaler Auffälligkeiten bei den Neugeborenen nach ICSI feststellen zu können. Hier wird der Verdacht auf ein erhöhtes Risiko gonosomaler Aberrationen geäußert. Dies ist vermutlich ebenfalls eine Folge des vorliegenden Hintergrundrisikos der behandelten Paare. Eine generelle invasive Pränataldiagnostik halten wir nicht für sinnvoll. Vielmehr müssen die Schwangeren hinsichtlich invasiver und nichtinvasiver Möglichkeiten zur Abschätzung des Risikos von bedeutsamen genetischen Auffälligkeiten beraten werden. Dies beinhaltet insbesondere auch den Hinweis auf ein Screening zur Bestimmung der Nackendicke [10. bis 14. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW)] sowie einen detaillierten Ultraschall in der 18. bis 22. SSW. Bei einer kritischen Zusammenschau der vorliegenden Daten gibt es bisher keinen Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Fehlbildungsrate durch ICSI bei der Geburt der so gezeugten Kinder. Auch hinsichtlich der postpartalen Entwicklung bis zum 2. Lebensjahr – weitere Studien liegen noch nicht vor – kann in der Aufklärung auf unauffällige Daten verwiesen werden. In jedem Falle sind weitere Studien wünschenswert, um die Beratung der prospektiven Eltern durch zusätzliche Daten noch besser absichern zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Keywords LHRH antagonist ; Cetrorelix ; Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A prospective, randomized study was performed to compare the efficiency of hormonal stimulation for IVF (in vitro fertilization) in either the long luteal protocol, using the LHRH agonist Buserelin, or the multiple dose LHRH antagonist protocol, using the LHRH antagonist Cetrorelix. Here we present the data on the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndromes (OHSS). 85 and 188 patients were recruited for the stimulation in the LHRH agonist and in the LHRH antagonist protocol, respectively. The groups were comparable regarding anamnestic data. The incidence of WHO °II and °III OHSS was significantly lower in the Cetrorelix than in the Buserelin group (1.1% vs. 6.5%, p=0.03). Additionally 3 patients in the Cetrorelix group (1.6%) and 5 patients in the Buserelin group (5.9%) did not receive hCG because of a threatening OHSS. The follicle maturation was more homogeneous in the Cetrorelix protocol, with less small follicles on the day of hCG administration but a similar number of oocyte cumulus complexes retrieved. The pregnancy rates per cycle were not significantly different in the Cetrorelix and Buserelin protocol (22% vs. 26%). The Cetrorelix multiple dose protocol is advantageous compared to the long protocol regarding the incidence of OHSS, a potentially life threatening complication of controlled ovarian stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 263 (2000), S. 139-141 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words APC resistance ; Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ; Thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report a case of activated protein C (APC) resistance and deep calf vein thrombosis under controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization. The thrombosis occured before administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin for ovulation induction on the 8th day of hMG (human menopausal gonadotrophin). The patient was stimulated according to the long luteal protocol. Cases of arterial and venous thrombosis as a result of ovarian stimulations are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 264 (2000), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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