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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical exploration of stationary and of ultrafast spectroscopy of small clusters (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 31.15Ar; 31.15Qg; 31.50+w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Stationary spectra offer information on the interplay between the structures and the nature of electronic excitations reflecting bonding properties, as shown by comparing Sin with Agn (n=4-6) clusters. In order to study the dynamical properties, simulations and analysis of femtosecond (fs) time-resolved pump–probe or pump–dump signals have been carried out, which allows us to determine the timescales and the nature of configurational changes versus internal vibrational relaxation (IVR) in electronic ground or excited states. For this purpose we have developed a multi-state ab initio molecular dynamics (involving ground as well as adiabatic or non-adiabatic excited electronic states) on the timescale of the nuclear motion, using the time evolution of a thermal ensemble in the Wigner representation. The combination of ab initio quantum-chemical methods used for the molecular dynamics ‘on the fly’ and the Wigner-distribution approach for the description of the motion of the nuclei also allowed the accurate determination of pump–probe and pump–dump signals under temperature-dependent initial conditions. We use this novel combination of methods to investigate the dynamics in excited states of non-stoichiometric NanFn-1 clusters with a single excess electron. The timescales of the structural relaxation in excited states versus intramolecular vibrational relaxation processes have been determined, as illustrated for the example of Na4F3. This is the first study of the system with 15 degrees of freedom for which the dynamics in the excited states has been carried out without the precalculation of the energy surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006967
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases in venous leg ulcers (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to matrix remodelling in venous leg ulcers. Extracellular MMP inducer (EMMPRIN; CD147) has been reported to increase MMP expression, and membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) has been implicated in the activation of MMPs. Objectives  To examine whether and to what degree EMMPRIN, MMP-2, MT1-MMP and membrane type 2 MMP (MT2-MMP) are expressed in venous leg ulcers as well as the association with MMP activity. Methods  EMMPRIN, MMP-2, MT1-MMP and MT2-MMP were analysed by zymography and immunohistochemistry in biopsies from healthy skin and lesional tissue from venous leg ulcers. Results  Zymography provided direct evidence of increased proteolytic activity of MMP-2 in lesional skin in comparison with healthy controls. Immunostaining showed intense expression of EMMPRIN, MMP-2, MT1-MMP and MT2-MMP in dermal structures of venous leg ulcers, whereas only EMMPRIN and MMP-2 showed elevated expression in perivascular regions. Our findings indicate that venous leg ulcers are characterized by elevated expression of EMMPRIN, MMP-2, MT1-MMP and MT2-MMP. The immunohistological findings of skin alterations reflect the dynamic process of activation of soluble and membrane-bound MMPs, which may be highly induced by EMMPRIN. Conclusions  These data suggest for the first time that membrane-bound MMPs may favour enhanced turnover of the extracellular matrix and support unrestrained MMP activity in venous leg ulcers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.05025.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topical treatment of common warts in an HIV-positive patient with imiquimod 5% cream (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 28 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and destroys crucial components of the immune system, leaving patients susceptible to a number of viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. Viral warts are caused by human papillomavirus infection and are a common skin disease that afflicts HIV-infected patients. Treatment modalities currently rely on destruction of the infected tissue or interruption of cell division; however, frequent recurrence is a particular challenge in HIV-infected patients. We report the case of a 41-year-old HIV-positive man with multiple common warts located on his hands and feet. Following 5 months of treatment with imiquimod, an immune response modifier, as a 5% cream, complete clearance of all warts was achieved. Mild erythma, itching and burning at the application site was observed in the early stages of treatment. The patient showed no relapse of warts at the 30-month follow-up visit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.28.s1.16.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hashimoto-Enzephalopathie Steroid-sensitive Enzephalopathie bei Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis (2000)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 489-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis ; Steroid-sensitive Enzephalopathie ; Schilddrüsenantikörper ; Key words Hashimoto's thyroiditis ; Steroid-responsive encephalopathy ; Antithyroid antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a steroid-responsive, relapsing or progressive encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Characteristic clinical features are confusion, seizures, alteration in conscious level, stroke-like episodes, myoclonus, and tremulousness. High CSF protein levels without pleocytosis and a diffusely abnormal EEG are typical findings. Brain CT and MRI and cerebral angiogram are usually normal. We present two case reports of Hashimoto's encephalopathy in 55- and 77-year-old patients who both responded well to steroid therapy, and review the literature.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Als Hashimoto-Enzephalopathie wird eine steroid-sensitive, schubförmig oder stetig progrediente Enzephalopathie bezeichnet, welche mit einer Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis assoziiert ist. Charakteristische klinische Befunde sind Verwirrtheit, epileptische Anfälle, Vigilanzminderung, schlaganfallähnliche Episoden, Myoklonien und Tremor. Die Liquordiagnostik zeigt meist eine Proteinerhöhung ohne Pleozytose, das EEG generalisierte und umschriebene Verlangsamungen, seltener triphasische Wellen und epilepsietypische Potentiale; die zerebrale Bildgebung mittels CT oder MRT sowie die zerebrale Angiographie sind in der Regel normal. Wir stellen 2 Patientinnen im Alter von 55 und 77 Jahren vor, bei denen die Symptome einer Hashimoto-Enzephalopathie gut auf eine Behandlung mit Steroiden ansprachen, und geben einen Überblick über die Literatur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050613
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroradiologische Diagnostik bei Hirnmetastasen (2000)
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 6 (2000), S. 930-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007610070038
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradigmenwechsel: Von der egalitären zur utilitaristischen Onkologie (2000)
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 6 (2000), S. 561-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In fast allen Ländern der industrialisierten Welt bilden die Krebserkrankungen zusammen mit den Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen die Haupttodesursache. Zusammen sind beide Erkrankungen für nahezu 2/3 aller Todesfälle verantwortlich. Bei 10% aller Patienten, die aus dem Krankenhaus entlassen wurden, ist als Erstdiagnose Krebs festgestellt worden [12]. Nach einer Schätzung von 1997 betrugen die direkten Kosten der Krebserkrankungen 1990 in Deutschland rund 7 Mrd. DM. Mit direkten Kosten wird derjenige Ressourcenverbrauch bezeichnet, der unmittelbar mit medizinischen Leistungen verbunden ist und direkt zugeordnet werden kann. Hierunter fallen z. B. die Personal- und Sachkosten, die bei einer Therapie in Anspruch genommen werden. Werden die indirekten Kosten noch dazu gezählt, ergibt sich eine Gesamtsumme von 21 Mrd. DM. Mit indirekten Kosten werden die durch Krankheit verursachten volkswirtschaftlichen Produktivitätsverluste bezeichnet. Dieser Verlust kann sowohl durch vorzeitigen Tod als auch durch verminderte Leistungsfähigkeit oder Abwesenheit vom Arbeitsplatz entstehen. Nach Henke [11] sind bei den indirekten und direkten Kosten die Krebserkrankungen der viertgrößte Kostenblock im Gesundheitswesen. An der Spitze lagen 1990 die Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen mit insgesamt 42 Mrd. DM, gefolgt von den Erkrankungen der Verdauungsorgane mit 38 Mrd. DM und den Erkrankungen des Skelett-, Muskel- und Bindegewebes mit 37 Mrd. DM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007610070093
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Versorgungsleistungen bei Patienten mit Fibromyalgiesyndrom (FMS) (2000)
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 14 (2000), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fibromyalgiesyndrom ; Versorgungssituation ; Inanspruchnahme ; Patientenzufriedenheit ; Keywords Fibromyalgia syndrome ; Health care utilization ; Treatment satisfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background: The purpose of the study was to examine the pain related health care utilization in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods: In a multicenter study six rheumatological hospitals associated in the rheumatological center of Heidelberg participated. All consecutive patients which fulfilled the ACR-criteria of fibromyalgia were assessed. Data about pain and related treatments were available from n=259 patients. Results: Patients suffered from chronic generalized pain on average for 5 years before being diagnosed as fibromyalgia. In most of the cases longlasting localized pain symptoms preceeded generalized pain. The spectrum of pain related treatments seems to be wide and arbitrary: 87% took questionable or excessive medication. 86% had some form of physiotherapy and 41% already experienced psychological treatment. 28% of the patients consulted dental surgeons including teeth extraction and 20% underwent multiple orthopaedic surgery. A mean of five different health care professionals were consulted regarding the pain problem. Treatment statisfaction rated by the patients was lowest with pharmacological and highest with psychological treatment and physiotherapy. Conclusions: The health care-seeking behavior of fibromyalgia-patients seems to be characterized by a multitude of different treatment attempts. Treatment was often invasive and focused on localized symptoms rather than on the generalized pain syndrome. An early confirmation of the diagnosis and a more evidence based treatment is strongly indicated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Analyse der Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Versorgungsleistungen von Fibromyalgiepatienten. Methode: Im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Erhebung in 6 Kliniken des Rheumazentrums Heidelberg wurden alle Patienten mit Fibromyalgiesyndrom (gemäß ACR 1990) hinsichtlich ihrer bisherigen Behandlungen befragt. Es liegen Daten von insgesamt n=259 Patienten vor. Ergebnisse: Im Durchschnitt hatten die Patienten bereits 5,4 Jahre vor der Diagnosestellung chronisch generalisierte Schmerzen (Diagnoselatenz). Dem Stadium der Schmerzgeneralisierung ging dabei ein über 10-jähriges Stadium lokalisierter Schmerzen voraus. Zahlreiche therapeutische Maßnahmen gegen die Schmerzsymptomatik wurden durchgeführt: 87% nahmen Medikamente – häufig eine fragwürdige Polymedikation. 86% erhielten aktive oder passive Physiotherapie und 41% wurden psychologisch behandelt. Bei 28% der Patienten wurde wegen der Schmerzen eine Zahnbehandlung durchgeführt. 20% wurden z. T. mehrfach orthopädisch operiert, nach der Schmerzgeneralisierung sogar signifikant mehr als vorher. Insgesamt wurden im Schnitt von den Patienten Ärzte in 5 verschiedenen Fachrichtungen konsultiert. Die Patienten selber beurteilten die medikamentöse Behandlung als am wenigsten hilfreich und passive Physiotherapie neben psychologischen Interventionen als am effektivsten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Versorgungssituation der Patienten besteht aus einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Behandlungsversuche, welche jedoch eher auf lokalisierte Probleme als auf die generalisierte Schmerzsymptomatik abzielen. Eine frühzeitige Diagnosestellung und ein evidenzbasiertes Behandlungskonzept erscheinen dringend erforderlich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004820050225
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier's Law confirmed for a class of small quantum systems (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 34 (2003), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Within the Lindblad formalism we consider an interacting spin chain coupled locally to heat baths. We investigate the dependence of the energy transport on the type of interaction in the system as well as on the overall interaction strength. For a large class of couplings we find a normal heat conduction and confirm Fourier's Law. In a fully quantum mechanical approach linear transport behavior appears to be generic even for small quantum systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00228-x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect generation in polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 by high-energy electron irradiation (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 677-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.80.Fe; 61.82.Fk; 84.60.Jt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We investigate the degradation of ZnO/CdS/ Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction solar cells for space applications and the defect generation in polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by irradiation with 1-MeV electrons with fluences φe up to φe=5×1018 cm-2. Notable degradation of the solar cell performance starts at fluences of φe=1017 cm-2 where the open circuit voltage decreases by about 5% while short circuit current and fill factor remain essentially unaffected. Thus, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells withstand electron fluences which are higher by one order of magnitude or more when compared to other technologies. A model describes the absolute open circuit voltage loss considering the increase of space charge recombination by electron irradiation-induced defects. Defect analysis by admittance spectroscopy shows that acceptor defects with an energy distance of approximately 300 meV from the valence band are generated at a rate γ=0.017 (±0.01) cm-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050014
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for and characterization of phospholipase A1 hypersecretory mutants of Tetrahymena thermophila (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 390-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have described a procedure for the isolation of mutants of Tetrahymena thermophila with hyperscretion of phospholipase A1 (PLA1). Using random chemical mutagenesis, uniparental cytogamy, genetic crossing and a new, fast and effective screening procedure, four PLA1-hypersecretory mutants were isolated. The screening procedure is based on the formation of a halo appearing around cylindrical holes in a lecithin-containing agar plate filled with cell-free supernatants. About 3,940 clones were tested with this procedure in primary screening for hypersecretory features, of which 60 putative hypersecretory mutants were isolated, subcloned and tested in a secondary screening. Of these, four selected mutants showed 1.8–2.2 more PLA1 activity in the cell-free supernatants compared to the wild-type strain CU 438.1. Hypersecretion was only observable for PLA1; no increased activity for two other lysosomal enzymes could be detected. These hypersecretory mutants of T. thermophila can be very useful for increasing the yield of PLA1 in fermentation processes. This is particularly relevant because, in contrast to other phospholipases, PLA1 is not available on the commercial market for fine chemicals and little is known about the role of PLA1 in cell signaling and metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000405
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