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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Quality Performance of Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.01667.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective Postmarket Device Studies Versus Returned Product Analysis as a Predictor of System Survival (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Monitoring and reporting mechanisms are vital tools for clinicians to assess ICD system performance over time for optimal patient care. This article explores the various reporting mechanisms available to the clinician, both historical and current, and compares and contrasts two such methods. The lead survival rates obtained by return product analysis (RPA) are compared with those from an ongoing prospective chronic study that actively follows patients for clinical ICD system failures (Tachyarrhythmia Chronic Systems Study [TCSS]). Examination of available data shows that a prospective study such as the TCSS is capable of detecting clinically significant adverse events in 2.2% of the 3,958 leads followed. By comparison, RPA-based monitoring of the same leads detects “out of specification” events in 0.5% of the 78,571 leads followed. Statistical analyses of two separate families of leads (HV leads and SQ Patch leads) show that survival rates obtained by the two methods begin to differ at approximately 2 years of implant experience, with 95% confidence intervals no longer overlapping at 3 years. The authors conclude that prospective chronic device studies are a superior tool for the ongoing monitoring of implanted device performance compared to RPA-based reports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2000.tb00916.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    To the Editor: (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , U.S.A . : Blackwell Publishing
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.t01-1-00186.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Affecting the Frequency of Subcutaneous Lead Usage in Implantable Defibrillators (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Subcutaneous leads (SQ) add complexity to the defibrillation system and the implant procedure. New low output devices might increase the requirement for SQ arrays, although this might be offset by the effects of active can and biphasic technology. This study sought to assess the impact of these technologies on SQ lead usage, and to determine if clinical variables could predict the need for an SQ lead. Patients receiving nonthoracotomy systems (n = 554) at our institution underwent step-down-to-failure DFT testing with implant criteria of a 10-J safety margin. SQ leads were used only after several endovascular configurations failed, Use of biphasic waveforms significantly lowered the frequency of use of SQ leads from 48% to 3.7% (P 〈 0.000001), SQ leads were required in 4.4% of patients with cold can devices and 2.6% of patients with active can devices (P = NS). There was no increase in SQ lead usage with low energy (〈 30-f delivered energy) devices. Clinical variables (including EF, heart disease, arrhythmia, and prior bypass) did not predict the need for an SQ lead. The implant DFT using SQ arrays (14.5 ± 6.5 J) was not significantly lower than that for SQ patches (16.6 + 6.0 J). We conclude that biphasic waveforms significantly reduce the need for SQ leads. Despite this reduction, 3.7% of implants still use an SQ lead to achieve adequate safety margins. The introduction of lower output devices has not increased the need for SQ leads, and when an SQ lead is required, there is not a significant difference in the implant DFT of patches versus arrays. Clinical variables cannot predict which patients require SQ leads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2000.tb00853.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is Sinus Node Modification Appropriate for Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia with Features of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SHEN,W.-K., et al.: Is Sinus Node Modification Appropriate for Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia with Features of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome? Inappropriate sinus tachycardia and postural orthostatic tachycardia are ill-defined syndromes with overlapping features. Although sinus node modification has been reported to effectively slow the sinus rate, long-term clinical response has not been adequately assessed. Furthermore, whether patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia would benefit from sinus node modification is unknown. The study prospectively assessed the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of seven consecutive female patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and inappropriate sinus tachycardia who were treated with sinus node modification. The study was conducted in a tertiary care center. The electrophysiological and clinical responses were prospectively assessed as defined by autonomic function testing, including Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, tilt table testing, and quantitative sudomotor axonal reflex testing. Among the study population (mean age was 41 ± 6 years), 5 (71%) patients had successful sinus node modification. At baseline, heart rates were 101 ± 12 beats/min before modification and 77 ± 9 beats/min after modification (P = 0.001). With isoproterenol, heart rates were 136 ± 9 and 105 ± 12 beats/min (P = 0.002) before and after modification, respectively. The mean heart rate during 24-hour Holter monitoring was also significantly reduced: 96 ± 9 and 72 ± 6 beats/min (P = 0.005) before and after modification, respectively. Despite the significant reduction in heart rate, autonomic symptom score index (based on ten categories of clinical symptoms) was unchanged before (15.6 ± 4.1) and after (14.6 ± 3.6) sinus node modification (P = 0.38). Sinus rate can be effectively slowed by sinus node modification. Clinical symptoms are not significantly improved after sinus node modification in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia and postural orthostatic tachycardia. A primary subtle autonomic disregulation is frequently present in this population. Sinus node modification is not recommended in this patient population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00217.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etching characteristics of dentin: effect of ferric chloride in citric acid (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Citric acid etchants with ferric chloride (10-3) promote adhesion and are effective etchants. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the dentin etching characteristics of 10% citric acid etchant with various additions of ferric chloride. AFM was used to measure the surface recession and morphology of dentin etching for a variety of 10% citric + Fe-Cl etchants. Commercial 10-3 was used as the control. Dentin disks were prepared and partially masked during etching so that the unetched dentin served as a reference. AFM images of the same samples were taken at each of the seven experimental steps using 10% citric acid with various quantities of ferric chloride ranging from 0 to 3% (denoted 10-0, 10-1, 10-1·8 and 10-3, respectively) which altered the pH from 1·63 to 0·42. Changes in depth (nm) relative to the reference height for intertubular dentin were determined after etching 15 s; clinical air drying, rewet for 1–5 min; desiccation for 24 h; rehydration for 24 h. Differences of log(depth change) were tested with mixed effects cell mean models. Overall differences were significant (P 〈 0·001). Significant differences were found between etchants and the extent of collapse on drying was dependent on pH and Fe-Cl content. Following long-term rehydration, samples recovered, but those with 0 or 1% Fe-Cl did not recover as completely (P 〈 0·01). Etching and collapse depended on Fe-Cl content. The collapse was nearly reversed on rehydration. Ten per cent citric acid with ferric chloride did not prevent the collapse of etched dentin. Ferric chloride additions reduced pH and increased the collapse of dentin on drying for either brief or prolonged periods. Brief rewetting can reverse the effect of brief air drying. For fully desiccated samples the effect was not reversed after 30 s, but was largely or completely reversed at 24 h in solution depending on Fe-Cl content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00715.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental production of gastric dilation and its association with osmoregulatory stress and biogenic amines in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chinook salmon smolt in fresh water fed a commercial diet known to produce minimal gastric dilation and air sacculitis (GDAS) were randomly assigned to four experimental tanks with flow-through sea water. All four groups were acclimatized to sea water for 3 weeks and fed a diet of minced fresh seafood. After 3 weeks the groups were fed either; seafood as before, a different commercial pelleted diet associated with the development of GDAS on farms, or either diet supplemented with 500 mg L−1 putrescine, 300 mg L−1 cadaverine and 250 mg L−1 tyramine. Gastric dilation was produced in fish fed the commercial diet for 1 month but not by feeding a diet of minced seafood. The addition of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine to either diet had no significant effect on the development of gastric dilation. Fish fed the commercial diet had significantly (P 〈 0.0001) wider weight-adjusted stomach widths, less prominent longitudinal stomach folds (P 〈 0.0001) and lower (P 〈 0.0001) stomach-width ratios than fish fed the fresh seafood diet. There was no significant difference in serum osmolality or sodium concentration between fish from groups with or without gastric dilation or fed biogenic amines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00478.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defibrillator Challenges for the New Millennium: (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ICD Therapy. Although it has become clear that implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are effective, important challenges remain for the physician. Due to the limitations of available risk stratification tools, patient selection for primary sudden death prevention remains controversial in many populations. Additionally, the proliferation of device choices has led to challenges in matching the appropriate device to the individual patient: device size is balanced against longevity: the advantages of dual chamber systems is weighed against their increased complexity; physician and patient preferences in device implant site are constrained by site-dependent effects on defibrillation effectiveness and lead failure rates; and special consideration must be given to the patient with a preexisting pacemaker. After ICD placement, determination of appropriate follow-up frequency and methodology to assess device function must be considered. This article will review patient selection, device implant site selection, device-device interactions, single versus dual chamber ICD selection, and follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00034.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are Routine Arrhythmia Inductions Necessary in Patients with Pectoral Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Routine Arrhythmia Inductions in Patients with ICDs. Introduction: The value of ventricular arrhythmia inductions as part of routine implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) follow-up in new-generation pectoral ICDs is unknown Methods and Results: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database analyzing data from 153 patients with pectoral ICDs who had routine arrhythmia inductions at predismissal, and 3 months and 1 year after implantation. Routine predismissal ventricular fibrillation (VF) induction yielded important findings in 8.8% of patients, all in patients with implantation defibrillation threshold (DFT) ≥ 15 J or with concomitant pacemaker systems. At 3 months and 1 year, routine VF induction yielded important findings in 5.9% and 3.8% of tested patients, respectively, all in patients who had high DFT on prior testing. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) induction at predismissal, and 3 months and 1 year after implantation resulted in programming change in 37.4%, 28.1%, and 13.8% of tested patients, almost all in patients with inducible VT on baseline electrophysiologic study and clinical episodes since implantation. Conclusion: Although helpful in identifying potentially important ICD malfunctions, routine arrhythmia inductions during the first year after ICD implantation may not be necessary in all cases. VF inductions have a low yield in patients with previously low DFTs who lack concomitant pacemakers. VT inductions have a low yield in patients without baseline Inducible VT and in the absence of clinical events. Definite recommendations regarding patient selection must await larger prospective studies as well as consensus in the medical community about what comprises an acceptable risk justifying avoidance of the costs and inconveniences of routine arrhythmia inductions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00311.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sporadic neoplasms of farmed chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), from New Zealand (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Eight separate neoplasms with five distinct morphologies are described in the present report. The spontaneous neoplasms were identified in farmed chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), during processing. The masses were examined histologically and were classified as teratoma, rhabdosarcoma, biliary and renal cystadenomas, renal carcinoma and three leiomyomas. This represents one neoplasm detected for every 125 000 fish processed during the sampling period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00474.x
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