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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of lip treatment on the basis of desquamation mechanism (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lip chapping is a serious cosmetics problem, though remedies other than moisturization have not been proposed. We investigated changes in the surface configurations of lip corneocytes and activities of desquamation-regulating proteinases associated with lip chapping. Using scanning electron microscopy, villus-like projections were observed on the inner surfaces of most corneocytes from normal lips, whereas those with flatter surface were predominantly found in chapped lips. Furthermore, cell surface area increased with the severity of lip chapping. Cathepsin D-like and chymo-trypsin-like proteinase, which are also present in skin as desquamation-regulating proteinases, were detected in lip corneocytes, though only cathepsin D activity was found to decrease in severely chapped lips. Hydration was also lower in areas of lip chapping. Sequential topical application of apricot extract essence increased cathepsin D activity and improved chapping severity. Our results suggest that lip chapping can be characterized as similar to senile xerosis rather than dry skin such as winter xerosis, as it shows a delayed transition of corneocytes through the stratum corneum, and the reduced cathepsin D activity may be one of the mechanisms that is further decreased by low hydration. We propose that an enhancement of both cathepsin D activity and lip moisture may be effective to improve lip chapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00217_01.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the inhibitory effects of oolong tea polyphenols on glucan-binding domain of recombinant glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus mutans MT8148 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 228 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An oolong tea polyphenol (OTF6) has been shown to possess a strong anti-glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity and inhibit experimental dental caries in rats infected with mutans streptococci. The effects of OTF6 on the functional domains of GTFs of Streptococcus mutans, an N-terminal catalytic domain (CAT), and a C-terminal glucan-binding domain (GBD), were examined. The maximum velocity of glucan synthesis by recombinant GTFB (rGTFB) and GTFD (rGTFD) became significantly slower in the presence of OTF6, however, Km values remained stable when compared in their absence. These results suggest that OTF6 reduces glucan synthesis by non-competitively inhibiting the GBD of S. mutans GTFB and GTFD. Further, the recombinant proteins of CAT (rCAT) and GBD (rGBD) were expressed using Escherichia coli, and purified by affinity column chromatography. rGBD but not rCAT was found to possess dextran-binding activity, which was shown to be inhibited by OTF6. These results indicate that OTF6, a polymeric polyphenol specific for oolong tea is able to reduce glucan synthesis by inhibiting the GBD of S. mutans GTFB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00723-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petrological constraints on the formation conditions and retrograde P–T path of the Kotsu eclogite unit, central Shikoku (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 21 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A largely undocumented region of eclogite associated with a thick blueschist unit occurs in the Kotsu area of the Sanbagawa belt. The composition of coexisting garnet and omphacite suggests that the Kotsu eclogite formed at peak temperatures of around 600 °C synchronous with a penetrative deformation (D1). There are local significant differences in oxygen fugacity of the eclogite reflected in mineral chemistries. The peak pressure is constrained to lie between 14 and 25 kbar by microstructural evidence for the stability of paragonite throughout the history recorded by the eclogite, and the composition of omphacite in associated eclogite facies pelitic schist. Application of garnet-phengite-omphacite geobarometry gives metamorphic pressures around 20 kbar. Retrograde metamorphism associated with penetrative deformation (D2) is in the greenschist facies. The composition of syn-D2 amphibole in hematite-bearing basic schist and the nature of the calcium carbonate phase suggest that the retrograde P–T path was not associated with a significant increase or decrease in the ratio of P–T conditions following the peak of metamorphism. This P–T path contrasts with the open clockwise path derived from eclogite of the Besshi area. The development of distinct P–T paths in different parts of the Sanbagawa belt shows the shape of the P–T path is not primarily controlled by tectonic setting, but by internal factors such as geometry of metamorphic units and exhumation rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00449.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Administration of anti-interleukin 18 antibody fails to inhibit development of dermatitis in atopic dermatitis-model mice NC/Nga (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Interleukin (IL)-18 has been shown to activate basophils to produce histamine and IL-4 and to induce naive T cells to differentiate into T-helper (Th) 2 cells. However, when expressed together with IL-12, IL-18 induces Th1 cell development and inhibits IgE synthesis. Previously we reported that serum IL-18 levels were elevated in the sera from atopic dermatitis-model mice NC/Nga, prior to the onset and during the development of dermatitis. Objectives We studied whether neutralization of IL-18 activity might affect dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, to investigate the role of IL-18 on dermatitis. Methods NC/Nga mice were given weekly anti-IL-18 antibody starting at 5 weeks of age to 13 weeks and development of dermatitis, scratching behaviour and serum IgE concentrations were evaluated. Results Continuous injections of anti-IL-18 antibody failed to inhibit the onset and development of dermatitis and IgE elevation. The treatment, rather, tended to lead to an exacerbation of dermatitis and scratching behaviour. In addition, the administration of anti-IL-18 antibody did not ameliorate the responsiveness of lymphocytes to IL-4, which was previously demonstrated as an immunological abnormality in the mouse. Conclusion This study demonstrates that, at least in NC/Nga mice, IL-18, although excessively expressed before the onset of dermatitis, shows antiallergic actions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05406.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of high magnetic field on the two-step martensitic-phase transition in Ni2MnGa (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 37-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using a low-temperature x-ray diffraction apparatus in a high field, a systematic study was performed of the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa alloys in a wide temperature range from 10 K to room temperature and in fields up to 5 T. X-ray diffraction data at different fields clearly show the martensitic-phase transition is a two-step process. It is found that the martensitic-transition temperature Tm increases and the premartensitic-transition temperature Tp decreases with increasing magnetic fields up to 2 T, and then both remain unchanged in fields up to 5 T. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125648
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral administration of persimmon leaf extract ameliorates skin symptoms and transepidermal water loss in atopic dermatitis model mice, NC/Nga (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 146 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background  We have previously shown that persimmon leaf extract and its major flavonoid constituent, astragalin, inhibited histamine release by basophils and that oral administration of these substances prior to the onset into an atopic dermatitis (AD) model mouse, NC/Nga, prevented development of dermatitis.Objectives  This study was designed to assess the clinical therapeutic effect of persimmon leaf extract and astragalin in NC/Nga mice suffering from dermatitis and the dose–response preventive effects of persimmon leaf extract on dermatitis and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).Methods  The efficacy of persimmon leaf extract or astragalin in NC/Nga mice was judged by measurement of skin severity, scratching behaviour, serum IgE levels or TEWL.Results  Oral administration of persimmon leaf extract (250 mg kg−1) or astragalin (1·5 mg kg−1) for 4 weeks into NC/Nga mice with overt dermatitis resulted in a decrease in the severity of the condition. The preventive effect of persimmon leaf extract on the dermatitis was dose-dependent and continuous intake of persimmon leaf extract significantly decreased its onset and development. In addition, TEWL was also suppressed at a persimmon leaf extract dose of 250 mg kg−1. No significant adverse reaction by these substances could be observed.Conclusions  These observations suggest that persimmon leaf extract or the flavonoid astragalin may be alternative substances for the management of AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04557.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of salted-out, solubilized micelles and microemulsions on the perfluorinated anionic surfactant tetraethylammonium perfluorooctyl sulfonate studied by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 619-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Perfluorinated anionic surfactant ; Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy ; Micelle ; Solubilization ; Microemulsion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Tetraethylammonium perfluorooctyl sulfonate (TEAFOS; critical micelle concentration, 1 mM), which forms a threadlike micelle in its pure solution, was adopted to study the structure of salted-out, solubilized micelles and microemulsions by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The concentration of the surfactant was kept constant at 60 mM. The micelle solution salted out with LiNO3 provided a surfactant phase in the presence of a clear interface. The surfactant phase was studded, being formed of homogeneously dispersed spherical micelles, and had no obvious threadlike forms. The micelles, which solubilized the maximum amount of perfluorinated oil, were spherical and had the same size as isolated spherical micelles in pure TEAFOS solution. The microemulsions were formed in the presence of perfluorinated alcohol as cosurfactant and the particles were rotund even when the concentration of the perfluorinated oil was equivalent to that for solubilization and the sizes increased with increasing oil content. The difference in size between the solubilized micelles and microemulsions with the same amount of oil suggested that the oil molecules had been solubilized between palisades of perfluorinated alkyl chains in the micelles and had dissolved in the cores of the microemulsions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000293
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible episodes that trigger thrombotic events in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    Modern rheumatology 10 (2000), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-7609
    Keywords: Key words Antiphospholipid syndrome ; Thrombosis ; Risk factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and/or lupus anticoagulant (LA) increase the risk of thrombosis, while the onset of thrombosis is usually sudden. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not some episodes triggered thrombotic events in patients possessing antiphospholipid antibodies. Fifteen patients who presented with thrombosis (primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), six cases; secondary APS, nine cases) were retrospectively examined to discover whether or not any specific episodes occurred prior to a total of 21 thrombotic events. In five events occurring in five female patients, specific episodes were identified, including the wearing of tight underwear, dehydration due to fever and standing in hot and humid weather, fever following the extraction of a carious tooth, steroid pulse therapy, toxemia during pregnancy, and intrauterine fetal death. To prevent the occurrence of thrombosis in patients possessing antiphospholipid antibodies, it appears to be important to avoid such triggering episodes and also to reduce the risk factors for thrombosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101650070034
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of NAPL Contaminants on the Permeability of a Soil‐Bentonite Slurry Wall Material (2000)
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 38 (2000), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: NAPL ; hydraulic conductivity ; permeability ; slurry walls ; soil ; bentonite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Soil‐bentonite slurry walls are designed to inhibit the subsurface movement of contaminants from hazardous waste sites. Although it is generally accepted that high concentrations of organic compounds will adversely affect soil‐bentonite slurry walls and clay liners, previous research investigating the effects of NAPLs on the conductivity of clay wall materials has been inconclusive. In this study the effects of various organics (benzene, aniline, trichloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride) on the effective conductivity of a typical soil‐bentonite slurry wall material were studied under two effective stress conditions, 200 and 52 kPa. The hydraulic conductivity for the soil‐bentonite material permeated with water averaged 1.52×10-8 cm s-1. Compared to water, there was little change in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a solution containing a NAPL compound at its solubility limit, except for aniline. However, there was a one to two order of magnitude decrease in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a pure NAPL for all NAPLs tested. When the soil‐bentonite material was permeated with a water/NAPL/water/NAPL sequence, the conductivity decreased one to two orders of magnitude when a NAPL was introduced following water; however, when water was reintroduced after the NAPL, the conductivity increased to the initial hydraulic conductivity. The conductivity again decreased one to two orders of magnitude when the NAPL was reintroduced. This trend occurred for all NAPLs tested, and the fluid properties of the NAPL compounds alone did not account for the decrease in conductivity compared to water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006655015509
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