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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface changes in the rat vomeronasal epithelium during degeneration and regeneration of sensory receptor cells (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Pheromone ; Supporting cell ; Vomeronasal organ ; Olfaction ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate cell turnover in the vomeronasal epithelium we used electron microscopy to obtain quantitative measurements of changes observed at the surface of the sensory epithelium. Receptor cell degeneration was induced by sensory nerve transection and animals were examined at postoperative recovery times of 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 35 and 60 days. We measured the number and density of receptor and supporting cells, and membrane length at the surface of the sensory epithelium. The number of receptor cells rapidly decreased during the degeneration period, reaching a minimum at 6 days. After 15 days of recovery the number and density of receptor cells returned to control levels. The surface membrane length for regenerated receptor cells was similar to that of controls, however the morphological appearance was characteristic of immature cells. In contrast to the receptor cells, the number and density of supporting cells did not change during degeneration and regeneration. However, there was a significant increase in the length of supporting cell-surface membranes. These results suggest that during receptor cell degeneration, supporting cell membranes compensate for the loss of receptor cells by expanding their surface membrane length to help to maintain the continuity of the epithelial surface. Thus, an important role of vomeronasal supporting cells may be to maintain the structural integrity of the epithelium during turnover of the receptor cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050333
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green revolution A mutant gibberellin-synthesis gene in rice (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 416 (2002), S. 701-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The chronic food shortage that was feared after the rapid expansion of the world population in the 1960s was averted largely by the development of a high-yielding semi-dwarf variety of rice known as IR8, the so-called rice 'green revolution'. The short stature of IR8 is due to a mutation in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/416701a
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density profile of the ablating plasma produced by soft x-ray irradiation : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 653-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Indirect/direct-hybrid irradiation has been proposed for suppressing the initial imprint of laser-irradiation nonuniformities. Indirect soft x-ray preirradiation of the target generates a plasma expansion layer on the target surface. When the drive laser beam comes later, the target has a substantial stand-off distance between the ablation front and the beam absorption region, in which the thermal smoothing effect is expected to take place, and then, the initial imprint of the laser irradiation nonuniformities can be significantly reduced. Stand-off distance is of great importance in the imprint mitigation. We measured the preformed plasma profile by using the x-ray side-on backlighting method. The preformed plasma was backlit by x rays and imaged onto an x-ray streak camera. The scale length of the preformed plasma was found to increase with duration of the soft x-ray irradiation. The expansion velocity was found to be 6×105 cm/s at an x-ray irradiation of 1×1011 W/cm2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315644
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of ion energy and arrival rate on x-ray crystallographic properties of thin ZrOx films prepared on Si(111) substrate by ion-beam assisted deposition (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 3773-3775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin zirconium oxide films, formed on Si(111) substrate by ion-beam assisted deposition, have been investigated by x-ray diffractometry with respect to the microstructure of the films, such as preferred orientation, interplanar spacing, crystallite size. The results of the interplanar spacing and diffraction intensity analysis could be interpreted in terms of relative amount of Zr4+ ions estimated by analyses of Zr 3d x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra for the films. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1286108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upregulation of T-Cell-Stimulating Activity of Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 60 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages are one of the most abundant host cells to come in contact with mycobacteria. However, the infected macrophages less efficiently stimulate autologous T cells in vitro. We investigated the effect of the induction of phenotypic change of macrophages on the host cell activities by using Mycobacterium leprae as a pathogen. The treatment of macrophages with interferon-γ (IFN-γ), GM-CSF and interleukin-4 deprived macrophages of CD14 antigen expression but instead provided them with CD1a, CD83 and enhanced CD86 antigen expression. These phenotypic features resembled those of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC). These macrophage-derived DC-like cells (MACDC) stimulated autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cells when infected with M. leprae. Further enhancement of the antigen-presenting function and CD1a expression of macrophages was observed when treated with IFN-γ. The M. leprae-infected and -treated macrophages expressed bacterial cell membrane-derived antigens on the surface and were efficiently cytolysed by the cell membrane antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). These results suggest that the induction of phenotypic changes in macrophages can lead to the upregulation of host defence activity against M. leprae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01472.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the solution condition of lithium electrolyte solutions with LiCF3SO3 salt (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 809-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Solution condition of the lithium electrolyte of LiCF3SO3 salt dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC), dimethoxyethane (DME) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were investigated based on the measurements of the self-diffusion coefficients of lithium (DLi) and anion (DF) species using the pulsed-field gradient (PFG) NMR, viscosity and conductivity. DLi and DF decreased with the increase in the solution concentration for these electrolytes. This result reflects the change in the dissociation degree of the salt and the viscosity depending on the solution concentration. In the case of PC solution (the dielectric constant (∈) of PC: ∼65), measured DLi and DF were separated each other with the decrease in the concentration because the dissociation of the salt was promoted to increase the content of dissociated ions. With an increase in the concentration, the dissociation would be restricted and DLi and DF approximated each other, which means that the associated ion pairs are dominant in the solution. The effective ionic radius (reff) of cation species of PC solution estimated from the Stokes-Einstein relation using the diffusion coefficient and the viscosity results was four times greater than that of the naked lithium ion and independent of the dissociation degree. On the other hand, the reff of anion species changed depending on the dissociation degree. This suggests that the dissociated lithium ions are solvated by the PC solvent in the solution. DME and THF solutions did not show the solvation effect from the result of the change in reff with the concentration. This suggests that the dissociation degree of the dissolved salt was low due to the low ∈ of their solvents (∈ ∼ 7.2) and the ion pairs would dominant in the solutions independent of the solution concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004717517628
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