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Establishment of Sweet Birch on Surface Mine Spoil as Influenced by Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Fertility (2004)

Walker, R. F. ; McLaughlin, S. B. ; West, D. C.

Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Inc

Restoration ecology 12 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1526-100X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Induced mycorrhization of sweet birch (Betula lenta L.) by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, as influenced by substrate fertility, was evaluated for its effects on seedling growth and physiology. Following a brief period in seed flats, seedlings were transplanted to mine spoil where they resided for 30 months, and three nutrition regimes were imposed throughout the study by application of differing nutrient solution concentrations. High fertility suppressed mycorrhizal formation by P. tinctorius but promoted that of other mycobionts. Pisolithus mycorrhization induced substantial aboveground and belowground growth as indicated by dimensions and mass for the former and mass and length for the latter but favoring root over shoot growth overall. Furthermore, these mycorrhizae were frequently able to compensate for the growth stimulation of higher nutrient additions. Measurements of xylem pressure potential and soil water potential indicated that water uptake was enhanced by P. tinctorius during simulated drought episodes of two durations and in subsequent recovery periods. Inoculated seedlings had higher foliar concentrations of critical nutrients, especially N, and lower concentrations of potentially phytotoxic metallic elements, particularly Mn, than uninoculated seedlings, although the latter response was absent in high fertility. Spoil analyses clearly revealed the influence of the nutrition regimes but also the effects of seedling uptake on substrate chemistry, and reinforced the findings of the foliar analysis concerning suppression of metal uptake by P. tinctorius. Collectively, these results suggest that P. tinctorius can provide sweet birch an array of physiological benefits that will permit this tree species to flourish on harsh substrates such as surface mine spoils without heavy application of chemical fertilizers.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00255.x

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Normal standards of ORS duration in 12-lead ECG in healthy volunteers (2000)

Peters, S. ; McLaughlin, S. ; Macfarlane, P. W.

Springer

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 11 (2000), S. 47-51

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ISSN: 1435-1544

Keywords: Key words Localised right precordial QRS prolongation –¶healthy volunteers – arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary Aims: The ECG phenomenon called ‘localised right precordial QRS prolongation’ in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia-cardiomyopathy defined as a QRS duration in V1, V2 or V3≥110ms has raised much interest in QRS duration in healthy volunteers. The purpose of the present study was to analyse QRS durations and special ratios in a large ECG database of healthy volunteers in order to obtain more information about the distribution of QRS duration in different leads. Methods and results: In a database of standard 12-lead ECGs of 1560 healthy volunteers (888 males and 672 females) mean, standard deviation and the 96% range of QRS duration for each lead were determined by computer using the well-established Glasgow Program. The values of a ratio of QRS duration in leads (V2+V3)/(V4+V5), of a ratio of QRS duration in leads V1/I and the presence of QRS duration in right precordial leads V1, V2 or V3≥110ms were derived. Only in 3.5% of males, but in no females, the QRS duration in V1, V2 or V3 was ≥110ms. If 1.2 was used as the critical ‘normal’ value of QRS duration ratio in (V2+V3)/(V4+V5) specificity was 90.8% for males and only 79.5% for females. Conclusion: QRS duration ≥110ms in the right precordial lead V1, V2 or V3 seems to be the best marker for discriminating healthy volunteers from patients with the phenomenon of localised right precordial QRS prolongation. The comparison of QRS duration in right and left precordial leads lacks specificity predominantly in females if a cut-off value of 1.2 is used.