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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The consequences of a diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) were investigated using cases available from the voluntary surveillance scheme, EPIDERM. Cases of OCD reported from November 1994 to September 1995 were identified and sampled to give at least 100 cases of allergic, irritant and mixed OCD reported by consultant dermatologists (344 cases) and occupational physicians (377 cases). A questionnaire was sent to the reporting physician to elicit further information. 512 completed questionnaires were returned, of which 510 were eligible for analysis. Among cases reported by dermatologists (n = 286) and occupational physicians (n = 224), 7% (6.3%) had been unemployed and 16.8% (20.1%) had taken sick leave. 3 factors independently predicted time off work in a logistic regression analysis: age OR = 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05–1.49), allergic dermatitis OR = 1.77 (95% CI, 1.13–2.79) and medicolegal assessment OR = 4.42 (95% CI, 2.20–8.89). Overall, 15.7% did not improve clinically between the first and last visit. Those who did not improve had been exposed to the agent for longer (mean 7.6 years) than those who did (5.3 years) (p = 0.09). In patients ≤ 45 years, those reported to be atopic failed to improve (25.4%) more often than those not atopic (13.4%) (p = 0.04). The substantial numbers (21%) with time off work and with persistent dermatitis suggest that OCD continues to have a significant impact on workers and their employers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are the most common precipitants of asthma exacerbations. RV infection of bronchial epithelium results in local airway inflammation inducing eosinophil recruitment and activation. Induction of eosinophil chemoattractants could represent a central mechanism, as well as a prime target for intervention.Objective To assess the effect of RV infection on mRNA expression and production of eosinophil chemoattractants by bronchial epithelial cells in-vitro.Methods BEAS-2B cells were infected with major and minor RVs and the mRNA expression of IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1α, eotaxin, eotaxin-2, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MCP-4 was assessed by reverse transcription PCR. In cases where mRNA induction was observed, a fluoroimmunoassay was used to confirm protein production. To assess the virus-specificity of the observed reactions, cells were also exposed to inactivated RVs.Results RV infection was able to up-regulate mRNA expression of IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1α, eotaxin and eotaxin-2, did not affect MCP-4, while MCP-2 and MCP-3 were not expressed either at baseline or after virus infection. Protein production was confirmed for IL-8, RANTES and eotaxin, but not for MIP-1α. When RVs were inactivated cytokine up-regulation was almost completely lost.Conclusion Infection of bronchial epithelial cells with RVs results in the production of a wide array of mediators that are able to chemoattract eosinophils. These include the eosinophil-specific molecules eotaxin and eotaxin-2, in addition to IL-8 and RANTES, which are the most abundant. Eosinophil recruitment after RV infection of bronchial epithelium could represent a central event in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Throughout the world there is a trend towards retaining crop residues rather than burning them. For this reason, changes in soil chemistry and aggregation in a Vertisol induced by 59 years of burning or green cane harvesting with or without annual fertilizer applications were investigated. Crop residues were either burnt prior to harvest with the harvest residues raked off (R1), burnt prior to harvest with the harvest residues left on the soil surface (R2), or left unburnt with all the trash left on the soil surface (R3). Concentrations of organic C in the surface 10 cm of soil increased with fertilizer applications and with increasing amounts of crop residue returned in the order R1 〈 R2 〈 R3. Fertilizer applications caused an accumulation of residual P in both inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) forms. A sequential P fractionation showed that fertilizer P accumulated in both labile and recalcitrant Pi and Po forms, and trash retention caused an accumulation of recalcitrant Po. Concentrations of K decreased in the unfertilized R1 and R2 treatments because K reserves were depleted. By contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of K in the fertilized R3 treatment. The soil became more acid on the fertilized and, to a lesser extent, trash retention plots. We attribute this to nitrification and subsequent nitrate leaching. Acidification resulted in a loss of exchangeable Ca and Mg, a decrease in ECEC, and an increase in the concentrations of total and monomeric Al in soil solution, in exchangeable Al3+ and in the buffering reserve of non-exchangeable Al associated with organic matter. Aggregate stability was increased by increasing crop residues but decreased by fertilizer applications. The decrease was attributed to an increase in the proportion of exchangeable cations present in monovalent form due to applications of fertilizer K and leaching of Ca and Mg. We conclude that trash retention and annual fertilizer applications have substantial long-term effects on both organic matter status and soil pH and therefore on other soil chemical and physical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6997-7005 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The far-field emission characteristics of mid-infrared angled-grating distributed-feedback (α-DFB) lasers with W active regions are calculated using a self-consistent beam-propagation formalism that is more general than previous analyses. The theoretical projections are compared with the results of an experimental study of optically pumped α-DFB devices. Near-diffraction-limited beam quality is obtained both theoretically and experimentally for pump stripes ≤50 μm wide. While simulations employing the theoretical linewidth enhancement factor of 1.7 for the homogeneously-broadened W-laser gain spectrum predict that the good beam quality should be retained for stripes as wide as (approximate)200 μm, the data indicate a much more rapid degradation. That finding can be reproduced only by assuming that inhomogeneous broadening increases the structure's linewidth enhancement factor to (approximate)5. The experiments and theory also yield a steering of the output beam to off-normal angles as large as 6° when temperature tuning shifts the gain peak away from the grating resonance. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5815-5875 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a comprehensive, up-to-date compilation of band parameters for the technologically important III–V zinc blende and wurtzite compound semiconductors: GaAs, GaSb, GaP, GaN, AlAs, AlSb, AlP, AlN, InAs, InSb, InP, and InN, along with their ternary and quaternary alloys. Based on a review of the existing literature, complete and consistent parameter sets are given for all materials. Emphasizing the quantities required for band structure calculations, we tabulate the direct and indirect energy gaps, spin-orbit, and crystal-field splittings, alloy bowing parameters, effective masses for electrons, heavy, light, and split-off holes, Luttinger parameters, interband momentum matrix elements, and deformation potentials, including temperature and alloy-composition dependences where available. Heterostructure band offsets are also given, on an absolute scale that allows any material to be aligned relative to any other. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3221-3223 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) laser with an antimonide type-II "W" active region. Optical lithography and dry etching were used to pattern the two-dimensional rectangular lattice with a second-order grating tilted by 20° relative to the facet normal. For pulsed optical pumping, the emission line centered on λ=4.6–4.7 μm is considerably narrower (7–10 nm) than for Fabry-Pérot and angled-grating DFB (α-DFB) lasers fabricated from the same wafer. The PCDFB beam quality is also substantially enhanced, e.g., by a factor of 5 compared with the α-DFB at a pump-stripe width of 200 μm. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3770-3772 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report pulsed emission from an optically pumped lead-salt vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a PbSe/PbSrSe quantum-well active region. The lasing wavelength of λ=4.44 μm is nearly constant over the temperature range 200–280 K, and the threshold is only 10.5 kW/cm2 at 260 K, where the gain peak and cavity mode are in resonance. Over 330 mW of peak power is emitted at 260 K, into a circular beam whose divergence angle increases with pump intensity. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3164-3166 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report near-diffraction-limited output from an angled-grating distributed feedback type-II W laser emitting near 3.4 μm. For pulsed optical pumping of a 50-μm-wide stripe at 78 K, the far-field beam divergence angle was only 1.4°. The slope efficiency was 64% of that for a conventional Fabry–Pérot laser on the same bar. However, the spectral linewidth decreased by only a factor of 2. The beam quality was substantially better than that for the Fabry–Pérot laser out to stripe widths of at least 800 μm. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is demonstrated that the suppression of parasitic Fabry–Perot-like lasing modes substantially enhances the beam quality and brightness of wide-stripe angled-grating distributed feedback lasers emitting in the midwave infrared. The direct facet-to-facet gain path is blocked by loss regions that are created by ion bombardment with 900 keV silicon ions. Both virtual mesa structures, in which loss regions bound both sides of the 300-μm-wide angled gain path, and spoiler structures, in which loss is induced only near the facets, decrease the etendue of the output by nearly an order of magnitude, and increase the brightness by up to a factor of 3. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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